CONTENTS Preface x 1. Introduction and NCCSAP Methodology 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.1 Content 2 1.1.2 Authors 2 1.2 Approach of NCCSAP Phase 1 2 1.2.1 Objectives 2 1.2.2 Responsibilities 3 1.2.3 The studies 3 1.3 Methodology for Emission Inventories 5 1.3.1 Policy background 5 1.3.2 Approach 5 1.3.3 Emission inventories in the NCCSAP 6 1.4 Methodology for Mitigation Assessment in the Energy Sector 7 1.4.1 Policy background 7 1.4.2 Approach in the NCCSAP 8 1.5 Adaptation Assessments 11 1.5.1 Policy background 11 1.5.2 The IPCC Common Methodology 11 1.5.3 The IVM/WNEP handbook 12 1.5.4 Adaptation assessment approaches in the NCCSAP 12 2. Country Experiences and Highlights 17 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Bolivia 18 2.2.1 Introduction 18 2.2.2 Approach 18 2.2.3 Results 19 2.2.4 Experiences and lessons learned 22 2.2.5 Follow-up research 23 2.2.6 Policy implications 24 2.2.7 Conclusions 25 2.3 Colombia 26 2.3.1 Introduction 26 2.3.2 Approach 26 2.3.3 Results of the Gulf of Morrosquillo study 27 2.3.4 Experiences and lessons learned 30 2.3.5 Follow-up research 30 2.3.6 Policy implications 31 2.3.7 Conclusions 32 2.4 Ecuador 34 2.4.1 Introduction 34 2.4.2 Approach 35 2.4.3 Results of the vulnerability assessment 35 2.4.4 Experiences and lessons learned 39 2.4.5 Follow-up research 40 2.4.6 Policy implications 40 2.4.7 Conclusions 41 2.5 Egypt 42 2.5.1 Introduction 42 2.5.2 Approach 43 2.5.3 Results of the vulnerability and adaptation assessment 44 2.5.4 Adaptation 45 2.5.5 Experiences and lessons learned 45 2.5.6 Follow-up research 46 2.5.7 Policy implications 47 2.5.8 Conclusions 47 2.6 Ghana 48 2.6.1 Introduction 48 2.6.2 Approach 49 2.6.3 Results of the water resources vulnerability study 51 2.6.4 Experiences and lessons learned 55 2.6.5 Follow-up research 55 2.6.6 Policy implications 55 2.6.7 Conclusions 57 2.7 Kazakhstan 58 2.7.1 Introduction 58 2.7.2 Approach 59 2.7.3 Results of the vulnerability assessment 59 2.7.4 Experiences and lessons learned 62 2.7.5 Follow-up research 63 2.7.6 Policy implications 63 2.7.7 Conclusions 63 2.8 Mali 64 2.8.1 Introduction 64 2.8.2 Approach 65 2.8.3 Results 66 2.8.4 Experiences and lessons learned 71 2.8.5 Follow-up research 71 2.8.6 Policy implications 71 2.8.7 Conclusions 72 2.9 Mongolia 73 2.9.1 Introduction 73 2.9.2 Approach 74 2.9.3 Results of the water resources assessment 74 2.9.4 Experiences and lessons learned 78 2.9.5 Follow-up research 79 2.9.6 Policy implications 80 2.9.7 Conclusions 81 2.10 Senegal 82 2.10.1 Introduction 82 2.10.2 Approach 83 2.10.3 Results of the coastal zone study 83 2.10.4 Experiences and lessons learned 86 2.10.5 Follow-up research 87 2.10.6 Policy implications 87 2.10.7 Conclusions 87 2.11 Suriname 88 2.11.1 Introduction 88 2.11.2 Approach 88 2.11.3 Results of the coastal zone management study 89 2.11.4 Experiences and lessons learned 92 2.11.5 Follow-up research 95 2.11.6 Policy implications 95 2.11.7 Conclusions 96 2.12 Vietnam 97 2.12.1 Introduction 97 2.12.2 Approach 99 2.12.3 Results of the coastal zone study 99 2.12.4 Experiences and lessons learned 103 2.12.5 Follow-up research 103 2.12.6 Policy implications 104 2.12.7 Conclusions 104 2.13 Yemen 106 2.13.1 Introduction 106 2.13.2 Approach 106 2.13.3 Results of climate change on agriculture in Yemen 107 2.13.4 Experiences, lessons learned and follow-up research 109 2.13.5 Policy implications 109 2.14 Zimbabwe 110 2.14.1 Introduction 110 2.14.2 Approach 111 2.14.3 Results of the Bindura Smelter and Refinery study 111 2.14.4 Experiences and lessons learned 113 2.14.5 Follow-up research 114 2.14.6 Policy implications 115 2.14.7 Conclusions 115 3. Cross-country Syntheses 116 3.1 Introduction 116 3.2 Emission Inventories 116 3.2.1 Overview 116 3.2.2 Bolivia 117 3.2.3 Kazakhstan 117 3.2.4 Suriname 118 3.2.5 Discussion and recommendations 118 3.3 Mitigation Assessment of the Energy Sector 119 3.3.1 Introduction 119 3.3.2 Analysis 119 3.3.3 Follow-up activities 122 3.4 Adaptation and Water Resources 123 3.4.1 Introduction 123 3.4.2 Adaptation strategies 126 3.5 Adaptation in Coastal Zones 127 3.5.1 Introduction 127 3.5.2 The impacts of SLR 128 3.5.3 Response strategies in general 129 3.5.4 Action plans defined in the vulnerability assessment 132 3.5.5 Feasibility of implementation of action plans 134 3.6 Adaptation and Land Use 135 3.6.1 Agriculture 135 3.6.2 Forestry 138 3.7 National Communications 140 3.7.1 Introduction 140 3.7.2 Bolivia 141 3.7.3 Costa Rica 142 3.7.4 Ghana 142 3.7.5 Mongolia 143 3.7.6 Senegal 144 3.7.7 Yemen 144 3.7.8 Synthesis 145 4. Evaluation, Lessons Learned and Outlook 147 4.1 Introduction 147 4.2 Mitigation Assessment 147 4.2.1 Introduction 147 4.2.2 Recent developments with regard to the Clean Development Mechanism (COM) 149 4.2.3 Future developments with regard to COM 150 4.2.4 Long-term perspectives on mitigation activities 151 4.3 Adaptation Assessments 153 4.3.1 Coastal zones 153 4.3.2 Water resources 157 4.33 Agriculture and forestry 157 4.4 National Communications 158 4.4.1 Guidelines 158 4.4.2 The UNDP Adaptation Policy Framework (APF) 159 4.4.3 The National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPA) guidelines 159 4.4.4 Discussion 160 4.5 Capacity Building and Awareness Raising 161 4.5.1 Introduction 161 4.5.2 Concluding remarks on the questionnaires 161 4.6 NCCSAP in Comparison with Other Country Study Programmes 162 4.6.1 Introduction 162 4.6.2 US Country Studies Program 162 4.6.3 UNEP Country Studies on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Assessments 163 4.6.4 Comparing the programmes 165 4.7 Recommendations 166 4.7.1 Objectives 166 4.7.2 Involvement 167 4.7.3 Livelihoods o 168 4.7.4 A suitable framework 168 4.7.5 Conclusions 169 Appendix: Questionnaire Results 170 Policymakers and Coordinators 170 Researchers 174 References 182 Index 187