CONTENTSList of Tables: iv List of Figures: v List of Abbreviations: vi Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Background: 1 1.2 Research Problem: 3 1.3 Research Questions: 4 1.4 Aim: 4 1.5 Research Objectives: 4 1.6 Methodology: 4 Stage 1: 4 Stage 2: 4 1.7 Analytical Framework: 5 1.8 Scope and Limitation: 5 Chapter 2: Literature Review 7 Section A: Urbanisation and Governance in India 7 2.1 Introduction: 7 2.2 India; Local Government System: 7 2.3 Evolution of Urban Local Government System in India: A Historical Overview: 7 2.4 Urban Governance Structure: 8 2.5 Finances of ULBs: 9 Section B: Water supply and sanitation in India: Historical Perspective 10 2.6 Introduction: 10 2.7 Major Urban Infrastructure Schemes in India: 13 2.8 Status of urban water supply: 14 2.9 Urban Local Bodies and Water Supply: 16 Section C: Role of IFIs in shaping urban reforms under JNNURM: 17 CHAPTER 3: Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) 21 Section A: Overview of JnNURM programme 21 3.1 Introduction 21 3.2 Institutional Framework 22 3.3 Reform Agenda 23 3.4 Cities eligible for assistance under JnNURM: 24 3.5 Strategy of the mission: 25 3.6 Overall Funding Process of Projects: 28 3.7 Implementation of JnNURM Mission So Far: 28 3.8 Sector Wise projects Sanctioned: 28 Section B: Water & Sanitation Sector Reforms under JnNURM 31 3.9 Present Status of Water & Sanitation: 31 3.10 Service Level Benchmarks (SLBs): 32 3.11 Water & Sanitation Reforms: 33 Section C: Levy of Reasonable User Charges, Mandatory Reform for ULBs 35 3.12 Introduction: 35 3.13 Rationale for the Reform: . 36 3.14 Steps to implementing the reform: 37 3.15 Setting the timeline: 38 3.16 Measuring Achievements/ Outcomes: 38 Chapter 4: Macro Level Analysis (Review of 63 JnNURM Cities) 39 Section A: Reform implementation process 39 4.1 Introduction 39 Section B: Comparative analysis of JnNURM Cities 39 4.2 Introduction 39 4.3 City Wise Commitment: 41 4.3 Issues: 44 4.4 Service Levels: City Class & Service Provider: 44 4.5 Total O&M Recovery of cities classified class wise: 46 4.6 Total O&M Recovery of cities classified on the basis of service provider: 47 4.7 Summary of Results for cities (class wise and service providers): 48 4.8 Service Levels: Rich, Middle Income and Poor States: 49 4.9 Methodology: 50 4.10 Summary of results for cities (Rich, Middle Income and Poor states): 52 4.11 Inferences: 52 Section C: Comment on available data 53 4.14 Issues related to available data: 53 Inferences: 54 4.15 Data gaps in CDPs and Reform checklist: 54 Chapter 5: Micro level analysis of JnNURM cities of Gujarat 57 Section A: Water supply scenario in Gujarat 57 5.1 Institutional Framework: 57 5.2 Institutional Structure: 58 Section B: Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) 59 5.3Introduction: 59 5.4 Profile of Ahmedabad water supply: 59 5.5 Tariff Structure: 60 5.6Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Budget Analysis: 60 5.7 Initiatives taken by AMC for performance improvement 62 Section C: Rajkot Municipal Corporation (RMC) 63 5.9 Introduction 63 5.10 Profile of Rajkot water supply: 63 5.11 Tariff Structure 64 5.12 Rajkot Municipal Corporation Budget Analysis: 64 5.13 Initiatives taken by RMC for performance improvement: 65 Section D: Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) 67 5.15 Introduction 67 5.16 Profile of Surat water supply 67 5.17 Tariff Structure 68 5.18 Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) Budget Analysis 68 5.19 Initiatives taken by SMC for performance improvement: 69 Chapter 6: Findings and Recommendations 71 6.1 Issues in performance monitoring: 71 6.2 Addressing measurement issues at ULB level: 72 6.3 Initiatives for improved design, implementation and monitoring of reforms: 73 6.4 Suggestions for successful implementation of reform: 73 REFERENCES 74 ANNEXURE I 77 ANNEXURE II 81