CONTENTS Notes on Contributors ix List of Figures xvi List of Tables xix Acknowledgements xxi GETTING STARTED IN GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH 1 1 Getting Started in Geographical Research : how this book can help 3 Nick Clifford, Shaun French and Gill Valentine 2 How to Conduct a Literature Search 16 Mick Healey and Ruth L. Healey 3 Ethical Practice in Geographical Research 35 lain Hay 4 Health and Safety in the Field 49 Joanna Bullard GENERATING AND WORKING WITH DATA IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 59 5 Making Use of Secondary Data 61 Paul White 6 Conducting Questionnaire Surveys 77 Sara L. McLafferty 7 Finding Historical Sources 89 Miles Ogborn 8 Semi-structured Interviews and Focus Groups 103 Robyn Longhurst 9 Participant Observation 116 Eric Laurier 10 Geography and the Interpretation of Visual Imagery 131 Rob Bartram 11 Participatory Research Methods 141 Myrna M. Breitbart 12 Working in Different Cultures 157 Fiona M. Smith 13 Internet Mediated Research 173 Clare Madge 14 Diaries as a Research Method 189 Alan Latham GENERATING AND WORKING WITH DATA IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 203 15 Getting Information about the Past : Palaeo and Historical Data Sources of Climate 205 Catherine Souch 16 Making Observations and Measurements in the Field 220 Alice Turkington 17 Sampling in Geography 230 Stephen Rice 18 Analysing a Natural System 253 Ellen Wohl 19 Numerical Modelling in Physical Geography : Understanding Explanation and Prediction in Physical Geography 274 Stuart N. Lane 20 Using Remotely Sensed Imagery 299 PaulAplin REPRESENTING AND INTERPRETING GEOGRAPHICAL DATA 315 21 Data Handling and Representation 317 Richard Field 22 Mapping and Graphicacy 350 Chris Perkins 23 Using Statistics to Describe and Explore Data 374 Danny Dorling 24 An Introduction to Geostatistics 386 Adrian Chappell 25 Using Geographical Information Systems 408 Michael Batty 26 Statistical Analysis Using PASW (formerly SPSS) 423 John H. McKendrick 27 Coding Transcripts and Diaries 440 Meghan Cope 28 Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis 453 Bettina van Hoven 29 Analysing Historical and Archival Sources 466 lain S. Black 30 Analysing Cultural Texts 485 Marcus A. Doel 31 Writing Essays, Reports and Dissertations 497 Michael Bradford 32 Understanding Assessment 513 Robin A. Kearns Glossary 528 Index537