1. Introduction 16 1.1. Background 16 1.2. Need for the study 17 1.3. Aim 17 1.4. Research Questions 17 1.5. Objectives 18 1.6. Scope and limitations 18 1.7. Research Methodology 18 1.8. Framework for the study 19 1.9. Data collection 19 1.9.1. Primary data collection 19 1.9.2. Secondary data collection 20 1.9.3. Survey Procedure 20 1.10. Why assessment of two cities? 20 2. Literature Review 23 2.1. What is Public transport? 23 2.2. Type of public transport in Indian cities 23 2.3. What is Medium Sized City? 24 2.4. Public transport scenario in medium sized cities 26 2.5. Conclusion 31 3. Parameters for Assessment of Public Transport for Medium Sized Cities 34 3.1. Review of conventional Service Level Benchmarking by MoUD34 3.2. Review of Urban Bus Toolkit of World bank 35 3.3. Review of National Urban Transport Policy 36 3.4. Indicators defining the level of performance of city bus system 37 4. City Profile 40 4.1. Gulbarga 40 4.1.1. Population 41 4.1.2. Population density 42 4.1.3. Sex ratio 43 4.1.4. Literacy 4.1.5. Occupational pattern 43 4.2. Jamnagar 44 4.2.1. Population 45 4.2.2. Population density 46 4.2.3. Sex ratio 46 4.2.4. Literacy rate 46 4.2.5. Occupational pattern 47 5. Urban Transport Characteristics 49 5.1. Gulbarga 49 5.1.1. Vehicle growth 49 5.1.2. Road network 50 5.1.3. Accidents 51 5.1.4. Public Transport Scenario 52 5.2. Jamnagar 59 5.2.1. Vehicle growth 59 5.2.2. Road network 59 5.2.3. Public Transport scenario 60 6. User Perception for the Existing Public Transport 68 6.1. Gulbarga 68 6.1.1. Bus User’s Perception. 68 6.1.2. Auto User’s Perception 73 6.2. Jamnagar 78 6.2.1. Auto User’s Perception 78 6.3. Conclusion 82 7. Performance of Existing Public Transport 85 7.1. Public Transport Facilities in Gulbarga 85 7.2. Financial Sustainability of Public Transport 85 7.3. Auto service performance in Gulbarga &Jamnagar 86 7.4. Conclusion 87 8. Conclusions &Recommendations 90 8.1. Overall conclusion of the existing Public transport in both the cities 90 8.2. Role of informal public transport in both the city 91 8.2.1. Informal public transport in Gulbarga 91 8.2.2. Informal public transport in Jamnagar 92 8.3. Regulation of informal public transport 93 8.4. Reasons of success and failure of the city bus service in both the cities 94 8.4.1. Institutional setup 94 8.4.2. Operational issues 94 8.4.3. Policy issues 95 8.4.4. User group and user preferences 95 8.5. Recommendations 96 Annexure I. 97 Annexure II 99 Annexure III 102 Annexure IV 104 Annexure V 106 Annexure VI 111 Annexure VII 113 Annexure VIII 117 Reference 120