CONTENTS List of figures 6 List of Tables 6 List of Maps 7 Chapter 1-Introduction 8 1.1. Statement of problem . 8 1.2. Research questions . 8 1.3. Aim of the Study 9 1.4. Objectives 9 1.5. Methodology 9 1.5.1. Research Methodology . 11 1.5.2. Primary data collection . 11 1.6. Scope and limitations . 12 Chapter 2-Literature review 13 2.1. Genesis of the concept of informal sector 13 2.2. Framework for defining the informal sector 15 2.3. Measuring the informal sector- The Harris-Todaro model 17 2.4. Case Studies . 17 2.4.1. Latin American city-Bogota, Colombia 18 2.4.2. Latin American city: Caracas, Venezuela . 20 2.4.3. Bangkok 21 2.5. The urban informal sector in India . 22 2.5.1. Pre- liberalization period and the informal sector. 23 2.5.2. Post liberalization period and the informal sector 25 2.6. The National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector (NCEUS) . 26 2.7. Relationship between the formal and informal sector in India 27 2.8. National Policy on urban street vendors, 2009 28 2.9. Sub-Contracting: A Linkage between formal and informal sector enterprises. . 28 2.10. National Policy on urban street vendors, 28 2.11. Issues faced by workers in urban informal sector. . 29 2.12. Urban markets or bazaars in old Indian cities 30 2.13. Case Studies: Markets and the informal sector 31 2.13.1. Marketing of horticulture products: A case of three cities in India 31 2.13.2. Need for infrastructural provisions in markets: Case of Surat city. 32 Chapter 3-Introduction to the city, Kolkata 34 3.1. History 34 3.2. Growth of the city 35 3.3. Demographic growth of Kolkata (then Calcutta). 37 3.4. Development of markets or bazars in Kolkata 37 3.5. Types of markets/bazaars in Kolkata. 38 3.5.1. Informal sector in Kolkata. 41 3.5.2. Political scenario and the hawkers in Kolkata. 41 3.6. Urban Street Vendor policy (Govt. of West Bengal)(2009) 43 3.6.1. Spatial planning norms 44 Chapter 4-Market and its activities. 45 4.1. Introduction 45 4.1.1. Summary of market questionnaire 45 4.1.2. Summary of Individual questionnaire . 46 4.1.3. Sampling . 46 4.2. The Barra Bazar area . 47 4.3. Brief overview of the flower market 48 4.4. The market and connectivity 49 4.5. The Kolkata Port Trust and Mallick Ghat . 50 4.6. Market management. 50 4.7. Supply chain. 52 4.7.1. Inter-relationship between supply chains 56 4.7.2. Commodities traded 57 4.7.3. Export and Import of commodity . 61 4.8. Infrastructure provisions 63 4.8.1. Accessibility 63 4.8.2. Solid waste management. 63 4.8.3. Electricity and Water Supply 64 4.8.4. Storage facilities 64 Chapter 5- Space, people and trade . 65 5.1. Distribution of space in the market 65 5.2. Components of the market . 66 5.2. Traders’ Profile 68 5.2.1. Origin . 68 5.2.2. Family size and source of income . 71 5.2.3. Daily income 73 5.3. Daily expenses . 75 5.4. The trader-market relationship . 76 5.5. The trade. . 78 5.6. The Market space . 81 5.6.1. Usage of Market space 81 5.6.2. Space and structure of internal market 82 5.6.3. Politics of space in the market 84 5.7. Proposal under consideration for the market . 84 5.8. Traders’ perceptions. 85 5.8.1. Traders’ perception on space 85 5.8.2. Traders’ perception on infrastructure requirements 86 5.9. Major Issues . 88 Chapter 6 : Learnings, conclusion and recommendation 90 6.1. Learnings 90 6.2. Recommendations 91 6.3. Conclusion . 93