CONTENTS Acknowledgements i Abstract ii List of Figures iv List of titles vi 1. Introduction 11 1.1. Roti, Kapda, Makaan aur Parking? 11 1.2. Implications of Parking Policies 12 1.3. About this Study: Mumbai and Parking 13 2. Research Design 14 2.1. Aim 15 2.2. Objectives 15 2.3. Methodology 16 2.4. Scope and Limitations 17 3. Literature Review 18 3.1. Need for rethinking Parking policies 19 3.1.1. The high cost of free parking 19 3.2. Parking Policy Frameworks 20 3.3. International innovative Practices 21 3.4. Parking Demand studies 22 4. Parking in India 25 4.1. Parking and India 25 4.1.1. National level approach 26 4.1.2. City-level interventions 27 4.2. Minimum Parking requirements across India 28 4.3. Mumbai and Parking. 29 5. Parking: the case of Laalbaug 31 5.1. Why Laalbaug? 31 5.2. Site Characteristics 32 5.3. Parking Behaviour 33 5.4. The conundrum of parking 34 6. Parking Demand Analysis 35 6.1. Data collection 35 6.1.1. Primary Data 36 6.2. Study of effects of various factors on Parking Demand 43 6.2.1. Effect of Dwelling size on Parking Demand 44 6.2.2. Effect of Household income on Parking Demand 46 6.2.3. Effect of Proximity to transit on Parking Demand 48 7. Conclusions 53 7.1. Context Specific Standards 53 7.2. Parking and Inclusiveness 54 References 56 Annexures 58