CONTENTS List of illustrations ix Notes on contributors xi Acknowledgements xvi 1 Introduction 1 HARRIET BULKELEY, VANESA CASlAN BROTO, MIKE HODSON AND SIMON MARVIN PARTI Conceptual frameworks for understanding urban transitions 11 2 The role of cities in technological transitions: analytical clarifications and historical examples 13 FRANK GEELS 3 Governing urban low carbon transitions 29 HARRIET BULKELEY, VANESA CASTAN BROTO AND ANNE MAASSEN 4 The carbon calculus and transitions in urban politics and political theory 42 AIDAN WHILE 5 Can cities shape socio-technical transitions and how would we know if they were? 54 MIKE HODSON AND SIMON MARVIN PART II Urban transitions in practice 71 6 Urban energy transitions in Chinese cities 73 SHOBHAKAR DHAKAL 7 The 'eco-cities' Freiburg and Graz: the social dynamics of pioneering urban energy and climate governance 88 PHILIPP SPATH AND HARALD ROHRACHER 8 The rise of post-networked cities in Europe? Recombining infrastructural, ecological and urban transformations in low carbon transitions 107 OLIVIER COUTARD AND JONATHAN RUTHERFORD 9 Living laboratories for sustainability: exploring the politics and epistemology of urban transition 126 JAMES EVANS AND ANDREW KARVONEN 10 Municipal bureaucracies and integrated urban transitions to a low carbon future 142 ALEX AYLETT 11 Community-led urban transitions and resilience: performing Transition Towns in a city 159 AMANDA SMITH 12 Building liveable cities: urban Low Impact Developments as low carbon solutions? 178 JENNY PICKERILL 13 Conclusion 198 MIKE HODSON, SIMON MARVIN, HARRIET BULKELEY AND VANESA CASTAN BROTO Index 203