Contents Acknowledgementsvii List of Illustrationsix Part APOLARIZED CITIES 1 Introduction 3 2 Scholarship with an'I'5 3 Soul in the City: Epic Cultures and Urban Fault-Lines 10 Part BNINE CITIES, NINE SORROWS 4Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina: 'Urbicide' and Dayton 25 5 Johannesburg, South Africa: 'Trying to Swim Olympic Style after Years of Drowning'42 6 Belfast, Northern Ireland: A 'Peace' Not Envisioned 57 7 Nicosia, Cyprus: Surmounting Walls, not Politics 70 8 Basque Country, Spain: Moving from Etxea to Euskal Hiria81 9 Mostar, Bosnia-Herzegovina: The City as War Spoils 96 10 Barcelona, Spain: An Inclusive Nationalism? 108 11 Jerusalem, Israel/West Bank: Narrowing the Grounds for Peace 124 12 Beirut, Lebanon: City in an Indeterminate State, Part I 145 13 Beirut, Lebanon: City in an Indeterminate State, Part II 173 Part CSYNTHESIS 14 Comparing Across Conflicts 203 15 Cities and National Peace 227 Interviews 252 References 263 Index272