CONTENTS About the Author ix List of Figures xi List of Tables xv 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1. Ports and the maritime business 2 2. Multi-disciplinary approaches to port operations and management 11 3. Rationale of the book 28 2. PORT ORGANISATION AND DEVELOPMENT 31 1. Port roles and functions 31 2. Port institutional and organisational structure 36 3. Port development 41 3. PORT PLANNING 51 1. Capacity planning 53 2. Capacity management 67 4. PORT INVESTMENT AND FINANCE 79 1. Financial statements and ratio measures 79 2. Port costs and costing 83 3. Economic versus commercial appraisal of port investments 97 4. Port financing and private sector participation 107 5. PORT PRICING 121 1. Port pricing strategies 121 2. Port pricing in practice 125 Appendix 1. Salalah Container Terminal Tariffs 127 6. PORT OPERATIONS 135 1. The quay site 136 2. Yard and gate systems 142 3. Modelling terminal operations 144 4. Integrating terminal operations 159 7. PORT PERFORMANCE AND BENCHMARKING 161 1. Metrics and productivity index methods 161 2. Frontier approach 168 3. Process approaches 182 4. Conclusion-benchmarking methods 184 8. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN PORTS195 1. Software and communication platforms 196 2. Automatic identification and data capture 199 9. PORT COMPETITION AND MARKETING 205 1. Features and elements of port competition 205 2. Port promotion and marketing 222 10. PORT LOGISTICS 225 1. Ports and logistics systems 225 2. Ports and supply chain networks 239 11. PORT SAFETY 247 1. System's safety for risk assessment and management 247 2. Risks and safety indicators 252 3. Valuing port safety 257 12. PORT SECURITY259 1. Scope and nature of security threats to ports 259 2. Overview of port security programmes 261 3. Risk approach to port security 274 4. Economic evaluation of port security measures 281 Appendix 1. ISPS Port Facility Security Equipment Checklist 291 Appendix 2. N-RAT Assessment Exercise Report 305 13. PORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 307 1. Environmental principles of port operations 307 2. Principles and procedures of environmental management in ports 314 14. PORT LABOUR AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 317 1. History and organisation of port labour 317 2. Port training and education 319 3. HR systems and job types in ports 322 References and Further Reading 329 Index 345