CONTENTS Acknowledgement v List of Figures iv List of Tables vi List of Maps vi Abbreviations vii Executive Summary 1 1 Introduction 7 1.1 Background 7 1.2 Need 8 1.3 Aim & Objectives 9 1.4 Scope 9 1.5 Limitations 10 1.6 Methodology 10 1.7 Report Structure 13 2 Urban Environment Management: An Overview 15 2.1 What is Urban Environment Management? 15 2.2 Stakeholders in Environment Management 16 2.3 Approach and Components for UEM 19 2.4 Instruments for UEM 22 2.5 Global Experiences in Urban Environment Management 29 3 Mumbai and Its Rivers 32 3.1 Mumbai - The Metropolis 32 3.1.1 Demography 32 3.1.2 Landuse 33 3.2 Status of Infrastructure & Services 34 3.2.1 Solid Waste Management 34 3.2.2 Sewerage System 38 3.2.3 Storm Water Drainage 42 3.2.4 Basic Services in Slums 44 3.3 Status of the Rivers 46 3.3.1 Mithi River 49 3.3.2 Oshivara River 52 3.3.3 Poisar River 54 3.3.4 Dahisar River 55 3.3.5 Reclamation of mangroves and creeks 56 3.3.6 Conclusions 57 3.4 Overview of the Problems 58 4 Review of Initiatives for Environmental Improvement 65 4.1 Studies, Assessments and Byelaws 65 4.1.1 Environment Status Report 65 4.1.2 Study on the rivers 66 4.1.3 Fact Finding Committee Report in the Mumbai Floods 2005 66 4.1.4 Information & Database 66 4.1.5 Clean Up Mumbai Campaign 67 4.2 Initiatives for Infrastructure Development 68 4.2.1 Bombay Sewage Disposal Project 68 4.2.2 Metropolitan Environment Improvement Program 68 4.2.3 Mumbai Sewage Disposal Project 69 4.2.4 BRIMSTOWAD 69 4.3 Initiatives for Improvement in Service Delivery 70 4.3.1 Advanced Locality Management 70 4.3.2 Slum Sanitation Program 75 4.3.3 Slum Adoption Scheme/ Dattak Vasti Yojana 78 4.4 Conclusions 81 5 Analysis of the Institutional Framework 83 5.1 An Overview 83 5.2 Stakeholders for Management of Rivers 84 5.2.1 MCGM 84 5.2.2 MMRDA: 97 5.2.3 MRDPA 99 5.2.4 MCZMA 103 5.2.5 MPCB 105 5.2.6 MMR-EIS 109 5.2.7 Research Organizations 112 5.2.8 Civil Society & NGOs 114 5.2.9 Land Owners 116 5.3 Summary of Findings 117 5.3.1 Planning Issues 117 5.3.2 Administrative Issues 117 5.3.3 Infrastructure Issues 118 5.3.4 Monitoring & Regulation 119 5.3.5 Knowledge & Information Management 120 5.3.6 Citizen Participation 120 5.3.7 Environmental agenda 121 6 Recommendations 123 Bibliography 132