CONTENTS Acknowledgements Introduction 1 Chapter 1: The Two Ideologies 7 1.1 The Traditional Ideology 7 1.11 The ancient canons 7 1.12 The formation of a diagram 9 1.13 The caste system, hierarchies and notions of purity 10 1.14 The temple and power 12 1.15 Core concepts of the traditional ideology 13 1.2 Manifestation of the Traditional Ideology: the south Indian temple town 14 1.21 Srirangam 15 1.22 Madurai 19 1.23 Kanchipuram 21 1.24 Physical elements articulating the core concepts 23 1.3 The Colonial Ideology 25 1.31 Main aim of colonialism: the motive for establishing control 25 1.32 Reasons for justification 25 1.33 Means of justification: Orientalism 26 1.34 Core concepts of the colonial ideology in India 27 1.4 Manifestation of the Colonial Ideology 29 1.41 Differentiation 29 1.42 Transformation 32 1.43 Physical elements articulating the core concepts 37 Chapter 2: The Kinds of Impact 39 2.1 Dominance 40 2.11 The policy of westernisation 40 2.12 Designing the new capital 41 2.13 Colonial public buildings 45 2.14 The gentlemens club 47 2.2 Resistance 49 2.21 Resistance of the system 49 2.22 Resistance of cities 49 2.23 Resistance of the house form and lifestyle 50 2.3 Hybridity 51 2.31 The revivalist movement 51 2.32 Patrick Geddes and urban design 52 2.33 Hybridity in built form 53 2.34 Hybridity in lifestyle 54 Chapter 3: The Case Study: Triplicane, Madras. 55 3.0 Introduction 55 3.01 Traditional Triplicane 55 3.02 Colonial Madras 56 3.03 Triplicane in the colonial era 57 3.1 Component 1: The Principal Movement Network 59 3.11 The traditional movement network 59 3.12 The colonial movement network 61 3.13 The resultant 62 3.2 Component 2: South Beach Road 67 3.21 Traditional connections with the sea 67 3.22 The colonial intervention 68 3.23 The resultant 73 3.3 Component 3: The Religious Core 77 3.31 The core prior to British acquisition 77 3.32 Colonial influences on the core 81 3.33 The resultant 82 3.4 Component 4: The House Form 91 3.41 The traditional house form of Triplicane 91 3.42 Colonial influences on the house 102 3.43 The resultant: case studies 102 Conclusions 122 Appendices 125 Illustration credits 143 Bibliography 144