CONTENTSUndertaking i Acknowledgement ii Executive Summary iii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Public Transport Scene in India 3 1.2 City size and Public Transport 4 CHAPTER 2 PUBIC TRANSPORT 2.1 Role of Public Transport 9 2.2 Advantages of Public Transit 10 2.3Properties of Public Transportation 11 2.4Mode Choice and Income 12 2.5 Options in mass transportation 12 2.5.1 Rail 12 2.5.2 Types of Monorail 14 2.5.3Bus Rapid Transit 16 2.5.4 Elements of BRT 17 2.5.5 Advantages of Bus Transit 20 2.6 Conclusion20 2.7Aim and Objectives 21 2.8Methodology 21 2.9Scope and Limitations22 2.10 Cost 23 2.10.1 Passenger Capacity 23 2.10.2 Speed 24 2.10.3 Construction Time 24 2.10.4Flexibility 25 2.10.5 Environment 25 2.11Evaluation of options at policy level 25 2.12Comparative Assessment 26 2.13BRT System Benefits 28 CHAPTER 3 STUDY OF WORLD TRANSIT SYSTEMS 3.1 Study of world Transit Systems 33 3.2 Analysis and Key findings 37 3.3 Case 1: Public Transport for Prague (Czech Republic) 39 3.3.1 Introduction to Prague 39 3.3.2 Urban Profile 39 3.3.3 Prague existing public transport system 40 3.3.4 ROPID and Prague Integrated Transport (PIT) 42 3.3.5 Prague Landuse Challenges 44 3.3.6Prague's Future Strategic Transport Systems45 3.3.7Prague Traffic Patterns 46 3.3.8Municipal Public Transport 47 3.4 Case 2: Public Transport for Copenhagen (Denmark) 49 3.4.1 Introduction to Copenhagen 49 3.4.2Transportation Network 49 3.4.3The Transport Situation in Copenhagen 51 3.4.4The Transport Strategy 51 3.4.5 The Public Transport Network 52 3.4.6 The Finger-Plan 55 3.4.7 Cycling 61 3.5Conclusion 62 CHAPTER 4 CASE STUDY VIJAYAWADA 4.1City in History 64 4.2 Administration Status and Governance 64 4.3 Demographic Characteristics 65 4.4 City level Population Density 66 4.5Population projections 67 4.6Land use 67 4.7Existing Land use 68 4.8Proposed Land use 70 4.9 Traffic and Transportation 71 4.10 Existing Public Transportation 72 CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS 5.1 Surveys and Study 74 5.2 Traffic Characteristics 75 5.3 Origin-Destination Survey 75 5.4 Household Survey and Travel Characteristics 78 5.5 Conclusions81 CHAPTER 6 TRAVEL DEMAND TRANSPORT MODELING 6.1 Trip Generation 82 6.2 Trip End Models 83 6.3 Analysis 87 6.4 Observations 90 6.5 Conclusions 90 CHAPTER 6 RECOMMENDATIONS 7.1 Bus Services 93 7.2 Outer Ring Road 94 7.3 Bicycle routes 96 7.4 Pilot Corridor (Pink Line) 96 7.5 Integration of Services 97 7.6 Re- routing 98 7.7 Pedestrian Walkways99 7.8 Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) 99 Annexure i) Metro and BRT 100 ii) Monorails 126 Bibliography a