CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 20 1.1 NEED OF THE STUDY 21 1.2 RESEARCH QUESTION 21 1.3 AIM 22 1.4 OBJECTIVES 22 1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS 22 1.6 METHODOLOGY 22 1.7 SCHEME OF CHAPTERIZATION 23 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 25 2.1 MARINE AND COASTAL BIODIVERSITY 25 2.2 THE COASTLINE 26 2.3 THE INDIAN COASTLINE 27 2.3.1 FACT FILE 27 2.4 MARINE FISHING POPULATION 30 2.5 FISHERIES PRODUCTION 31 2.6 FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT 31 3 INTRODUCTION TO STUDY AREA 33 3.1 HISTORY 34 3.2 LOCATION & TOPOGRAPHY 34 3.3 LAND USE 35 3.4 DEMOGRAPHY 37 3.4.1 POPULATION TRENDS IN GREATER VISAKHAPATNAM MUNICIPAL CORPORATION 37 3.4.2 DECADAL POPULATION GROWTH IN MAJOR URBAN 38 3.4.3 FUTURE GROWTH 39 3.4.4 POPULATION PROJECTIONS 39 3.4.5 COMPONENTS OF GROWTH 39 3.4.6 COMPOSITION OF GROWTH 40 3.4.7 LITERACY 40 3.4.8 LITERACY RATE 40 3.5 ECONOMY 41 3.5.1 AREAS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH 41 3.5.2 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE 42 3.5.3 ECONOMIC BASE OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION, 2001 43 3.5.4 FISHING 43 4. REGIONAL INFRASTUCTURE 46 4.1 PORTS 46 4.1.1 VISAKHAPATNAM PORT 46 4.1.2. GANGAVARAM PORT 47 4.2 SEZ 47 4.2.1. VISAKHAPATNAM SEZ 47 4.2.2. EXIM PARK 47 4.2.3. PRESENCE OF ACADEMIC/TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONS OF REPUTE 49 4.2.4. KEY DOMESTIC PRODUCT AND PER CAPITA INCOME 50 4.2.5. GROSS DISTRICT DOMESTIC PRODUCT AT FACTOR COST (RS CRORES) 50 4.2.6. PER CAPITA INCOME AT FACTOR COST (RS) 50 4.3 INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES 51 4.3.1 INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION LOAD 52 4.3.2 CATEGORIZATION OF POLLUTING INDUSTRIES 55 4.4 WATER QUALITY 57 4.4.1. GROUND WATER 57 4.4.2. SURFACE WATER 57 5 SECTOR IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS 58 5.1 INTRODUCTION 58 5.2 SELECTION OF STUDY VILLAGES 58 5.3 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY VILLAGES 59 5.3.1 MUTYALAMMAPALAM 59 5.3.2 TANTADI 60 5.3.3 GANGAVARAM 61 5.3.4 APPIKONDA 62 5.4 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS 62 5.4.1 FISH DRYING 62 5.4.2 FISH MARKETING 63 5.4.3 HAND NET-MAKING 63 5.4.4 SAVINGS SCHEMES 63 5.4.5 IMPROVED LIVING CONDITIONS 63 5.5 GROUP DISCUSSIONS 64 5.6 PROFILE OF THE COASTAL COMMUNITY 65 5.6.1 SOCIO DEMOGRAPHY 65 5.6.2 FAMILY STRUCTURE 66 5.6.3 CASTE STRUCTURE 66 5.6.4 ECONOMICS 67 5.6.5 BOAT OWNERSHIP 68 5.6.6 AVERAGE INCOME ACCORDING TO OCCUPATION OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD 69 5.6.7 INDEBTEDNESS AND SOURCES OF BORROWING 69 5.6.8 BASIC NEEDS 70 5.6.9 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHY 71 5.6.10 SOCIOECONOMICS 72 5.6.11 HOUSEHOLDS WITH INCOME-EARNING FISHERMEN 72 5.6.12 FISH MARKETING SOURCE OF SUPPLY 73 5.6.13 FISH MARKETING MODE OF DISPOSAL 73 5.6.14 FISH MARKETING PERIOD NOT ENGAGED IN MARKETING AND THE REASONS 74 5.6.15 FISH MARKETING: TYPE OF PRODUCTION AND MODE OF PRESERVATION 75 5.6.16 FISH MARKETING MODE OF TRANSPORT AND DISTANCE 75 6. MAJOR FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS 77 6.1 ISSUES 77 6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 80 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY 82