Table Of Contents
Abstract I
Undertaking V
Certificate Vii
Acknowledgement Ix
Table Of Contents Xi
List Of Tables Xv
List Of Figures Xvii
Abbreviations Xxi
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Overview 1
1.2. Embodied Energy And Operational Energy 2
1.3. Distinction Between Energy And Carbon In The Context Of Embodied And Operational Emissions 3
1.4. Component Wise Contribution To Embodied Energy And Embodied Carbon In Rc Buildings 3
1.5. Gap In Practice And Motivation 4
1.6. Research Objective 5
2. Literature Review 7
2.1. Embodied Energy And Embodied Carbon Values For Varying Built-Up Areas 7
2.2. Lca Database -Emission Coefficients For Embodied Energy And Embodied Carbon 8
2.3. Energy Consumption In Cement And Steel Manufacturing 11
2.4. Energy Consumption In Transportation Of Building Materials 13
2.5. Co-Relation Analysis 14
3. Research Methodology 15
3.1. Research Question 15
3.2. Objective: 15
3.3. Planning Norms For Ahmedabad, Gujrat 15
3.4. Building For Study And Rationale For Selection: 17
3.5. Scope And Limitations Of Work : 19
3.6. Structural Quantities Estimation 20
3.7. Lifecycle Assessment 22
4. Results And Discussions 25
4.1. Component-Wise Breakup Of Concrete And Steel Quantities 26
4.2. Percentage Share Of Materials 28
4.3. Embodied Carbon 30
4.3.1. Steel 30
4.3.2. Concrete 33
4.4. Embodied Energy 36
4.4.1. Steel 36
4.4.2. Concrete 38
5. Conclusion 41
Bibliography 43
Annexures 49