Table of Contents
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of The Study 1
1.2 Aim, objectives 2
1.3 Research Methodology 2
2 Wastewater Reuse & Housing; Overview 5
2.1 Wastewater Reuse Initiatives 5
2.1.1 Typical Decentralised Treatment Technologies 7
2.1.2 Decentralized Treatment Technology Case Studies 7
2.1.3 Inferences from 21 Case Studies 13
2.2 Low-income Housing Policy & Programmes 15
2.2.1 Initiatives 15
3 Housing & Water Sanitation for Low-Income Communities in Ahmedabad 20
3.1 Demographic Study 20
3.2 Water Supply & Waste Water Scenario of the City 22
3.2.1 Water Reuse Potential in Ahmedabad 23
3.3 Ahmedabad PMAY Status 26
3.3.1 Tender Document Review 27
4 Site Selection 29
4.1 Reconnaissance Survey & Learning 29
4.2 Detailed Case Studies 31
4.2.1 Channa Ji (ISSR) 31
4.2.2 Indiranagar Awas (ISSR) 33
4.2.3 Deendayal Upadhayay (ISSR) 36
4.2.4 Radha Raman Ni Chali (ISSR) 38
4.2.5 Meera (AHP) 41
4.3 Stakeholder Surveys 43
4.4 Capital and O&M cost Details of 6 Selected Sites 46
4.5 Maintenance Fee Details 49
4 .5 .1 Details regarding the Maintenance fee collected for Comm on Bill Payments 49
4.5.2 O&M Fee Status of the Selected Sites 50
4.5.3 Income & Paying Capacity of the Residents at Selected Sites . 51
5 Analysing Issues / Barriers 57
5.1 Tender Stage Issues 57
5.2 Operation & Maintenance Relates Issues 59
5.3 Wastewater Reuse related Issues 60
5.4 User Perception & Awareness related Issues 61
6 Interventions Suggested 65
7Conclusion & Way Forward 73
8 References 76
9 Appendix 78
9.1 Appendix 1 -AMC Questionnaire 78
9.2 Appendix 2 - Beneficiaries Questionnaire 78
9.3 Appendix 3 - Developer Questionnaire 79
9.4 Appendix 4 - Residents Income Survey Format. . 82
9.5 Appendix 5 - Reconnaissance Survey Details for all 13 Sites 85
9.6 Appendix 6 - Details for water & Sanitation Services for all 13 sites. 86
9.7 Appendix 7 - Defect Liability Period Details 87
9.8 Appendix 8 - Calculation for Electricity Cost Requirement 88
9.9 Appendix 9 - Decision Support Tool (Code) 27
9.10 Appendix 10 - Description of Conventional, Non-Conventional & Nature Based
Technologies 91