Table of contents
Undertaking i
Certificate iii
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vii
Table of contents xi
List of figures xv
List of tables xi
1 Introduction to Research Topic 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Needs of study 2
• Needs for electrification 2
• Needs of electrifying IPT 3
1.2.1 Needs for electrifying ITP in Surat 4
1.3 Scopes and Limitations 5
1.3.1 Scopes of Electrifying IPT 5
1.3.2 Limitation of Electrification 6
1.4 Aim 7
1.5 Objectives 7
1.6 Methodology 8
2 Literature Review 9
2.1 Understanding the policy and schemes 9
2.1.1 National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 9
2.1.2 FAME India 11
2.1.3 PLI Scheme 2021 13
2.1.4 Gujarat state electric vehicle policy-2021 16
2.1.5 Surat city electric vehicle policy -2021 17
2.2 Research papers 19
2.3 Market assessment of electric autos/rickshaws 22
2.3.1 Manufactures available in market 23
3 Case city: - Surat 30
3.1 Surat city profile 30
3.2 Surat Economy 31
3.3 Surat Travel Characteristic as per CMP 32
3.4 Intermediate Public Transport (IPT) as per CMP 33
3.4.1 Pink auto rickshaw services 35
3.4.2 Existing Auto rickshaw registration per year 36
3.4.3 Existing Auto rickshaw registration till 2022 36
4 Data Collection & Analysis 39
4.1 Data collection 39
• Location for data collection in Surat 39
4.2 Data Analysis 40
4.2.1 Operation: 41
4.2.2 Travel & Services characteristics 46
4.2.3 Summary of Existing Situtation 54
4.2.4 Willingness to shift towards Electric IPT. 55
5 Total cost of Ownership (TCO) 64
5.1 TCO comparison for different type of auto rickshaws 64
5.2 TCO comparison for CNG and Electric auto rickshaw with subsidy 64
5.3 TCO comparison for CNG and Electric auto rickshaw without subsidy .. 65
5.4 TCO comparison for electric auto rickshaw, 65
5.4.1 TCO comparison of electric segment of auto rickshaw with subsidy 66
5.4.2 Feasibility of retrofitting ICE auto rickshaw to electric by TCO67
5.5 Summary for different types of auto rickshaw 69
5.6 Scenario development 72
• Auto rickshaw registration till 2046 73
5.7 Scenario development for 100% adoption of electric auto-rickshaw 1
5.8 Assessment of Vehicular Emission 1
• Emission reduction 2
6 Development of charging infrastructure for IPT in Surat 4
7 Barriers for faster adoption of Electric auto-rickshaws 7
8 Conclusion 8
9 Recommendations and strategies for faster adoption of Electric IPT in Surat 10
References xiii
Appendix 1: 16
Appendix 2: 17
Appendix 3: 20