Table of contents
Undertaking i
Certificate iii
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vii
Table of contents ii
List of figures vii
List of tables x
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Aim 3
1.3 Objectives 3
1.4 Research Questions 4
1.5 Methodology 4
2 Literature review 6
2.1 National E-mobility schemes 6
2.1.1 National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 6
2.1.2 FAME Phase I 6
2.1.3 FAME Phase II 9
2.1.4 State EV Policies 10
2.1.5 Key Inference from national and sub-national policy analysis 12
2.2 E-bus landscape in India 13
2.3 Type of E-bus Procurement Contracts in India 13
2.3.1 Outright Purchase 13
2.3.2 Gross Cost Contract (GCC) 13
2.3.3 Dry Lease 14
2.4 The Grand Challenge 14
2.4.1 Grand Challenge tender 15
2.5 National Electrical Bus Program 16
2.5.1 National Electric Bus Program tender 1 16
2.5.2 National Electrical Bus Program tender 2 17
2.5.3 Key Inference from the CESL tenders 20
3 A case of Delhi 21
3.1 City profile 21
3.2 Mode Share 21
3.3 Public transportation in Delhi 22
3.4 Electric buses in Delhi 22
3.5 Delhi's electrification plan for PT 23
3.5.1 Age wise distribution of fleet 24
3.5.2 Age Wise distribution of DTC driver's staff 24
3.6 Estimation of the Fleet requirement 25
3.6.1 Scenario of Availability of Public Transport (S-1) 26
3.6.2 Scenario of Mode share (S-2) 26
3.6.3 Scenario of buses per lakh population of international cities (S-3) 27
3.7 Fleet procurement model for E-Buses 28
4 Cost Estimation 30
4.1 Introduction 30
4.2 Components of TCO 30
4.2.1 Capital Cost 30
4.2.2 Operational Cost 30
4.2.3 Key inputs of TCO 30
4.3 TCO for GCC 31
4.4 TCO for Dry lease 32
4.5 Total cost of Investments 33
5 Conclusion 35
References 36
Appendix 1: Year-wise Fleet size of DTC and Cluster buses 38
Appendix 2: Fleet Estimation 39
Appendix 3: TCO breakup for Scenario 1 40
Appendix 3: TCO breakup for Scenario 2 41
Appendix 3: TCO breakup for Scenario 3 42