Contents
Undertaking i
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vii
Table of contents ix
List of figures xiii
List of tables xv
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Need for the study 2
1.3 Problem Statement 2
1.4 Research Question 3
1.5 Aim 3
1.6 Objective 3
1.7 Methods for each objective 3
1.8 Scope 4
1.9 Limitations 5
1.10 Research Methodology 5
1.11 Research Timeline 5
1.12 Data Collection Plan 6
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 7
2.1 Parking 7
2.1.1 Parking facilities 7
2.1.2 People parking on-street v/s people parking off-street 8
2.1.3 Characteristics of people parking on-street 9
2.1.4 How can parking be regulated on-street? 9
2.1.5 Characteristics of people parking off-street 10
2.1.6 How can parking be regulated off-street? 11
2.2 Behavior 11
2.2.1 Theory of planned behavior 11
2.2.2 User Characteristics and purpose 13
2.2.3 Factors influencing parking decisions of user behavior 13
2.2.4 Impact of parking regulations on user behavior 13
2.3 Parking policies adopted by different cities 14
2.4 Parking policy in Indian cities 17
2.4.1 Pune’s parking Policy 18
2.4.2 Bangalore’s parking Policy 18
2.4.3 Attempts made in Chennai 19
2.5 Summary 19
3 ANALYSIS METHOD 21
3.1 Analytical framework 21
3.2 Factors selected for study 21
3.3 Likert Scale 22
3.4 Hazard based duration model (semiparametric) 23
3.5 The Cox regression 24
3.6 Pilot survey 25
4 CASE STUDY - AHMEDABAD 27
4.1 About the city 27
4.2 Parking reforms in Ahmedabad 28
4.3 Ahmedabad parking policy 28
4.4 Drive against illegal parking and the consequence 29
4.4.1 Towing details 30
4.4.2 Fines and E-challans collected 31
5 USER SURVEY & PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS 35
5.1 Survey Questionnaire 35
5.2 User Details 35
5.3 Parking details selected for study are 36
5.4 Variables considered for the survey are 36
5.5 Grouping the variables 37
5.6 Variables considered for the survey are 37
5.7 Survey Sampling 39
5.7.1 About the location 39
5.8 Socio-demographic factors of respondents 41
5.9 On-street parking 43
5.9.1 Characteristics of people parking on-street 43
5.9.2 Awareness of people parking on-street 44
5.9.3 Attitude of people parking on-street 45
5.10 Off-street parking 46
5.10.1 Characteristics of people parking off-street 46
5.10.2 Awareness of people parking off-street 47
5.10.3 Attitude of people parking off-street 48
5.11 Key Inference 49
6 PARKING CHARACTERISTICS OF USERS 51
6.1 Descriptive statistic test 51
6.2 Inference from descriptive statistics for on street 51
6.2.1 Testing the correlation between variables 52
6.2.2 Proportional hazard regression 54
6.2.3 Testing the correlation between variables 61
6.2.4 Proportional hazard regression 62
6.3 Key Inference 66
7 CONCLUSION 69
References 71
Appendix 1: User Survey Format 75
Appendix 2: Frequency distribution of responses 77