1.0 INTRODUCTION: 1
1.01 Background 1
1.1.1 Soil properties 2
1.1.2 Mapping 2
1.1.3 GIS 3
1.1.4 GPS 3
1.2 Need of study 3
1.3 Objectives: 4
1.4 Scope of the study: 4
1.5 Research Design: 5
1.5.1 Literature Review: 5
1.5.2 Data collection 5
1.5.3 Database Creation 5
1.5.4 Thematic map generation 5
1.5.5 Analysis 5
1.5.6 Result & Conclusion 5
1.6 Timeline of Thesis: 6
1.7 Limitations of the study: 6
1.08 Description of study area 7
1.8.1 About Ahmedabad 7
1.8.2 Location 7
1.8.3 Climate 7
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW: 8
2.1 GIS use for soil mapping 8
2.1.1 Literature 1 8
2.1.2 Literature 2 8
2.1.3 Literature 3 9
2.2 Data collection, database generation 9
2.2.1 Literature 4 9
2.3 Spatial analysis method for data interpretation. 10
2.3.1 Literature 5 10
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: 11
3.1 Data collection 12
3.1.1 Data collection 12
3.1.2 Data Distribution 12
3.1.3 Database creation 13
3.2 Data analysis 16
3.2.1 Depth distribution 16
3.2.2 Interpolation Method 17
3.2.2.1 Spline 17
3.2.2.1.1 Conceptual background 17
3.2.2.2 Multilevel B-spline 17
3.2.3 GIS methodology 19
3.2.3.1 Ahmedabad city map validation 19
3.2.3.2 DEM of Ahmedabad 19
3.2.3.3 Layer wise Thematic map generation 21
3.2.3.4 Validation of map with point sampling tool 21
Confidence level of method:- 22
Root mean square error(RMSE) 22
Mean Absolute Error (MAE) 22
Research Activities 23
4.0 RESULT 24
4.1 Description 24
4.2 Spline Method result:
4.3 Multilevel B-spline Interpolation method results 26
4.3.1 Sand content(%) 26
4.3.2 Gravel content(%) 27
4.3.3 Silt & clay content(%) 28
4.3.4 Liquid Limit 29
4.3.5 Plastic Index(%) 30
4.3.6 Specific gravity(kg/m3) 31
4.3.7 Field Density(gm/cc) 32
4.3.8 void ratio 33
4.3.9 Cohesion(Kg/cm2) 34
4.3.10 Angle of Internal friction(Degree) 35
4.3.11 SPT N-value 36
4.4 Predicted data validation/Confidence level checking 37
4.4.1 RMSE and MAE results to check confidence 40
4.4.2 Interpolation Method selection for each property 41
5.0 CONCLUSION 43
5.01 Final method selection 43
5.02 Future scope 44
ANNEXURE: BOREHOLE LOCATION COORDINATES 45
Bibliography 52
Reference 53