Contents tents
1 Introduction xiii
1.1 Background xiii
1.2 Problem statement xiv
1.3 Research Questions xvii
1.4 Aim xvii
1.5 Objectives xvii
1.6 Methodology xvii
1.7 Scope xix
1.8 Limitations xix
1.9 Institutional Arrangement xx
1.9.1 Administrative Boundaries xx
1.9.2 Defining the study area xxi
1.10 Water resources xxii
1.11 Urban Infrastructure Services xxiii
1.11.1 Water supply xxiii
1.11.2 Sewerage and Sanitation xxiii
2 Policies and Programmes xxv
2.1 Namami Gange xxv
2.2 Ganga Action Plan I xxvi
2.3 Ganga Action Plan II xxvi
2.4 National River Conservation Plan(NRCP) xxvii
2.5 National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) xxviii
2.6 National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) xxix
3 Literature Review xxxi
3.1 Wastewater current condition xxxi ix
3.1.1 The Legal Mechanism for Wastewater Regulation in India xxxi
3.2 Current Status of Waste-water Treatment in India xxxi
3.3 Best Practices in Wastewater Management. xxxii
3.3.1 Avadi Sewage Treatment Plant: Sustainable off-grid sewage treatment in Chennai xxxii
3.4 Sewage-fed aquaculture system of Kolkata: A century-old innovation of farmers xxxii
3.5 Approach of Wastewater Management in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu xxxiii
3.6 “Zero Discharge” challenge an opportunity in disguise: A case history of a medium scale city Aqaba xxxiv
3.7 Mysore City, Karnataka: Characteristic features and the administration of Urban Wastewater xxxvi
3.8 Bangkok: Utilization of Sludge as a valuable economic resource xxxvi
3.9 Pulp and Paper Industry xxxviii
3.9.1 Pulp and Pulp Water Balance xxxviii
3.9.2 Wastewater Overview xxxviii
3.9.3 Recycle/reuse: advantages, concerns xli
4 Wastewater Generation System . xliii
4.1 Introduction . xliii
4.2 Existing sewerage and sanitation system xliii
4.3 Sewerage Districts. xlv
4.4 Future Service Areas . xlvii
4.5 Non-serviced areas are identified as follows: . xlvii
4.6 Population projection (Sewer services and Non-services area) xlviii
4.7 Water Consumption per Capita xlviii
4.8 Wastewater Generation Quantity l
5 Wastewater network and collection system li
5.1 Introduction li
5.2 Sewerage network li
5.3 Sewerage Collection liv
6 Wastewater treatment system lix
6.1 Introduction lix
6.2 Sewerage district 1: Dinapur STP lx
6.2.1 Liquid Process Units lxii
6.3 Bhagwanpur STP: 9mld Treatment Plant lxiii
6.3.1 Liquid Process Units lxiv
6.3.2 Solids Handling Units lxv
6.4 Waste water Quality lxvii
6.4.1 Sampling lxvii
6.5 Ground water quality assessment district wise lxxii
7 Recommendations lxxvii
7.1 Gap analysis lxxvii
7.2 Key issues in value chain lxxvii
7.2.1 Generation . lxxvii
Generation Quantity of wastewater increase because of water supply is higher according to the Indian standard. lxxvii
7.2.2 Collection lxxvii
7.2.3 Treatment & disposal lxxvii
7.3 City Wide recommendation’s lxxviii
7.3.1 Rehabilitate main trunk sewer lxxviii
7.3.2 Intercept all drains along the Varuna river and divert to treatment: lxxviii xi
7.3.3 Intercept Assi/Nagwa nala and divert to treatment lxxix
7.3.4 Install disinfection facilities at Dinapur and Bhagwanpur STP lxxix
7.3.5 Extend the secondary sewerage system lxxix
7.4 Recommendation according to key issues lxxx
8 Bibliography lxxxii