Contents
Undertaking iii
Acknowledgement .vii
Executive summary . ix
Table of Contents xiii
List of Figures xx
List of Tables xxii
List of Abbreviations xxiii
1. CHAPTER 01 : INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background Context 2
1.2 The paradigm of Climate Change in Indian Cities 2
1.3 Climate Smart Cities Assessment Framework .4
1.4 Need for the Research 6
1.5 Problem Statement 7
1.6 Central Research Aim 7
1.7 Research Objectives 8
1.8 Research Scope 9
1.8.1 Research Limitation 10
1.9 Research Design 11
1.10 Research Methodology & Logical Framework 11
1.10.1 Objective 1 11
1.10.2 Objective 2 12
1.10.3 Objective 3 12
1.10.3 Objective 4 12
1.11 Research tools 14
1.12 Expected Research Outcome 14
2. CHAPTER 02 : KEY LEARNINGS FROM LITERATURE REVIEWS 15
2.1 For Objective 1 and Indicator 1 of Objective 2: Understanding the Global critique/debates of Climate Change, Action plans and Urban Planning. 16
2.2 For understanding the Meaning, Pillars and Dimensions of Localization of goals 21
2.3 For Understanding the Methodology of Conducting Data Gaps Assessment and
Evaluation 23
2.4 For Indicator 3 and 4: Understanding context of urban green in climate change
and data accuracy techniques for conducting green cover assessment 26
3. CHAPTER 03 : COIMBATORE : CITY PROFILE 29
3.1 Climatic Zone of Coimbatore in 100 smart cities 30
3.2 Introduction to Coimbatore Regional and Sub-Regional Setting 31
3.3 Institutional Framework in Coimbatore 31
3.4 Coimbatore City: Spatial Growth and Demographics Profile 32
3.5 Urban Density 33
3.6 Status of Past Planning Attempts 35
3.6.1 Existing Land Use share 35
3.6.2 Proposed Draft Master Plan 2031 36
3.7 Existing Hydrology and Water Bodies 37
3.8 Climatic Condition over years 37
3.8.1 Rise in Temperature over years 38
3.9 Air Pollution: Estimated Annual PM 2.5 Emissions and Air Pollution till 2030 39
3.10 Urban Heat Island 41
3.11 Budget Allocation for Climate Mitigation in Municipal Financial Budget 2020-21 42
3.12 Need for Climate Change Mitigation in Coimbatore and relevance of Climate Smart
Cities Assessment Framework as a base-line handbook 42
4. CHAPTER 04 : OBJECTIVE 1 – CRITICAL REVIEW & SHORTCOMINGS OF CLIMATE-SMART CITIES ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK 44
4.1 Objective 1: To explore the climate smart cities assessments framework with a critical review of its shortcomings and recommendations for CSCAF 2.0 45
4.1.1 Logical Framework 45
4.1.2 Typologies of Assessment Frameworks in India 45
4.1.2.1 Checkerboard Analysis of Existing National Frameworks in India 46
4.1.2.2 Checkerboard Analysis of Existing Inter-National Frameworks 47
4.1.2.3 Checkerboard Analysis of Data & Capacity building Frameworks in India 47
4.1.3 Genesis of Data Smart Cities & its Assessment 48
4.1.4 The Data Maturity Framework Assessment Process 49
4.1.5 Genesis of Climate-Smart Cities Assessment in India 50
4.1.6 Handholding of Climate-Smart Cities Assessment Framework to cities 53
4.1.7 Readiness of Climate-Smart Cities First Phase of Assessment 54
4.1.8 Review of the climate smart cities assessments framework 56
4.1.9 Identified Challenges by ULB during Climate-Smart Cities Assessment Phase 01 57
4.1.10 Critical review of the Shortcomings in CSCAF .63
4.1.11 Overall Summary 65
4.2 Recommendations to improve the assessment framework for CSCAF 2.0 66
4.3 Summary of Objective 01 69
5. CHAPTER 05 : INVESTIGATING CHALLENGES IN LOCALIZATION OF CSCAF BY GAP ANALYSIS 70
5.1 Objective 2: Challenges in localizing the climate-smart cities framework with
examination along Urban Planning, Green Cover & Biodiversity” category by
gap analysis 71
5.1.1 Logical Framework 71
5.2 Concept and Pillars of Localization 70
5.3 Success factors for Localization 72
5.4 Data- gap Assessment Methodology 74
5.5 Stakeholder Mapping 74
5.6 Data Sources and Evidence Collection 75
5.6.1 Methodology for social perception survey 76
5.6.2 Methodology for stakeholder survey 76
Indicator 1: Extent of implementation of city climate action plan
Indicator 3: Assessment of Rejuvenation and Conservation of Urban Environment
(waterbodies, developed /undeveloped open spaces /built-up areas)
Indicator 4: Proportion of extent of city green cover
Indicator 5: Proportion of extent of native tree species
5.7 Theoretical Background for Evaluation Matrix 78
5.8 Conceptualization of Analytical Evaluation Matrix 79
5.9 Developed Bi-Polar Evaluation Matrix and Weightage Mechanism 80
5.10. Applying and Testing across selected Indicators 81
5.11 Assessment of Indicator 1: Extent of implementation of city climate action plan 81
5.11.1. Developed Bi-Polar Evaluation matrix and its success factors 82
5.11.2 Intent of Tamil Nadu State Climate Action Plan 83
5.11.3 Critical Review of Tamil Nadu State Climate Action Plan and Tamil Nadu State
Climate Change Cell 84
5.11.4 Critical Review of State Climate Action Plan of other five states in India 87
5.11.5 Outcome of Critical Reviews 89
5.11.6 Climate Smart Governance - Coimbatore City Climate Action Plan 90
5.11.7 Critical Review of Coimbatore City Climate Action Plan 91
5.11.8 Outcome of Critical Review 93
5.11.9 Investigation of other existing Policies/action plans sub- oriented to address
Climate change adaptation and mitigation 94
5.11.10 Investigation of the status of localization along the success factors 95
5.11.11 Outcome from Assessment of Indicator 0196
5.11.12 Indicator 01 – Factors which can be addressed by ULB without depending on
State 97
5.12 Assessment of Indicator 3: Assessment of Rejuvenation and Conservation of Urban
Environment (waterbodies, developed /undeveloped open spaces /built-up areas) 98
5.12.1 Developed Bi-Polar Evaluation matrix and its success factors 99
5.12.2 Is the Conservation of Water Bodies addressed in the Master Plan 2031? 100
5.12.4 Status of data availability and data- gap assessment along the success factors 103
5.12.3 Geo-spatial characterization of on-field surveys and documentation 105
5.12.5 Outcome and consolidated analytical evaluation matrix 110
5.12.6 Indicator 03 – Factors which can be addressed by ULB without depending on
State 111
5.13 Assessment of Indicator 4: Proportion of extent of city green cover 114
5.13.1. Developed Bi-Polar Evaluation matrix and its success factors 113
5.13.2 Critical review of master plan over years to understand planning attempts for green
Cover 114
5.13.3 Is there data-in accuracies in the Master Plan 2031 115
5.13.4 Critical review of other regulatory planning schemes to mandate proportion of green
Cover 118
5.13.5 Status of data availability and data- gap assessment along the success factors .118
Summary of Spatial Assessment of Green Cover in Each Zone 124
5.13.6 Outcome and consolidated analytical evaluation matrix 128
5.13.7 Indicator 04 – Factors which can be addressed by ULB without depending on
State 129
5.14 Assessment of Indicator 5: Proportion of extent of native tree species 130
5.14.1. Conceptualized Bi-Polar Evaluation matrix and its success factors 131
5.14.2 Presence of guidelines / mandate for inclusion of native tree species in
development projects 132
5.14.3 From Where did this Indicator Originate & What is mentioned in the National Mission
for Green India? 133
5.14.4 Status of data availability and data- gap assessment along the success factors 134
5.14.5 Outcome of the developed consolidated analytical evaluation matrix 138
5.14.6 Indicator 04 – Factors which can be addressed by ULB without depending on
State 139
6. CHAPTER 06 : OBJECTIVE 3 – ESTABLISHING THE PRACTICALITY OF CSCAF & CLIMATE SMART CITIES IN INDIA 140
6.1. Genesis 141
6.1.1 Outcome of gap analysis 141
6.2 The backstopping cushion 143
6.3 A Scaffold or An Old Approach in A Newly Filled Glass 144
6.4 Is the Newly Filled Glass Brim Full or Half Empty? 145
6.5 The missing tangents of practicality 145
6.6 The Roadmap is instead a key map 147
7. CHAPTER 07 : INSTIGATING AN IMPLEMENTABLE ROADMAP TO ACCELERATE CLIMATE SMART CITIES IN INDIA 148
7.1 Outcome of gap Analysis and Practicality Assesement 149
7.2 Instigating a Roadmap for Climate Smart Cities in India 149
7.3 Recommendations 150
7.3.1 Structure of recommendations and proposal of 6 Strategies to implement the
Recommendations 151
7.3.2 Recommendation 01: National Level- Climate Smart Cities 152
7.3.3 Recommendation 02: Tamil Nadu State Level 153
7.3.4 Recommendation 03 : Coimbatore: Urban Local Body 154
7.4 Developed Strategies and Advocacy Models for Implementing recommendations 155
7.5 National Level CSC – Existing Backstopping cushion & Workflow 158
7.5.1 Strategy 01: An Improved Backstopping cushion & Strategic Workflow Model
The Steering Wheel Model .159
7.6 Existing performance and evaluation levels in CSCAF 1.0 for indicator 01 160
7.6.1 Strategy 1.1: Improved Assessment methodology and Levels Indicator 01 161
7.7 Existing performance and evaluation levels in CSCAF 1.0 for Indicator 04 162
7.7.1 Strategy 1.1: Improved Assessment methodology and Levels Indicator 04 163
7.8 Existing performance and evaluation levels in CSCAF 1.0 for Indicator 05 164
7.8.1 Strategy 1.1: Improved Assessment methodology and Levels Indicator 05 165
7.9 Strategy 1.2: Advocacy Timeline & Workflow for year 01 CSC assessment 166
7.10 Strategy 02 : For Tamil Nadu State and Coimbatore ULB 167
7.10.1 Strategy 2.1: Advocacy Model for State & ULB– Indicator 01 & 03
The Self-Reliant Model for key Drivers and Actors 168
7.10.2 Strategy 2.2: Advocacy Model for State & ULB – Indicator 04 & 05
The Self-Reliant Model for key Drivers and Actors 169
7.11 Strategy 03: Good Practices and Case Studies of Formation of Urban Tree Authority.170
7.11.1 Strategy 03: Institutional Structure for Establishment of Urban Green Cell / Tree Authority for Coimbatore 171
7.12 Strategy 04: Good Practices and Case Studies for UDX platform for Internal operations
Registry/Data Management Bank and Open data Hub 172
7.12.1 Strategy 04: UDX CURB (City Urban Resilience Bank) 173
7.13 Strategy 05:Good Practices and Case Studies for Integrated Urban Green Management .174
7.13.1 Strategy 05: The IUGM Toolbox for CSC 174
7.13.2 Outlook and Scope of The IUGM Toolbox for Climate Practitioners 177
7.13.3 The IUGM Toolbox –Eight Tools & Performance of Toolbox 178
7.13.4 Fulfilled tools by the research in the toolbox and Road forward for CCMC and
related climate- stakeholders 179
7.14 Strategy 06 :Tool no.07 - ICT-A based Tree Inventory Web / Mobile App and Data Warehouse in IUGM toolbox for CSC Project and Green Component in Coimbatore 180
7.14.1 Strategy 06 : Comparison of 11 internationally existing ICT Based tree inventories to
accumulate needed parameters of developing the tool for Coimbatore 181
7.14.2 Strategy 06 : Technical Applicability and Working of the tool 182
7.14.3 Strategy 06: Outlook of the ICT-A based Tree Inventory Web / Mobile App 184
7.14.4 Strategy 06: How to Use the ICT-A based Tree Inventory Web / Mobile App and
exporting of mapped data into archived data warehouse for GIS 185
7.14.5 Strategy 06: Data warehouse Model publishing and exporting the data into developed
CURB platform to support need and evidence-based decision making 186
7.15 Road forward for CSC Project in Coimbatore with the developed Toolbox 187
7.16 Conclusion Note 187
References 188
Appendix 1: Questionnaire for CCMC, Coimbatore Smart City Limited & TNIUS 198
Appendix 2: Questionnaire for Forest department , TNAU and IFGTB 201
Appendix 3: Questionnaire for Social Perception Survey205
Appendix 4: On-field Documentation for Indicator 3 – Condition of developed spaces 209
Appendix 5: On-field Documentation for Indicator 3 – Status of Smart infrastructure 210
Appendix 6: On-field Documentation for Indicator 3 – Condition of undeveloped spaces 211
Appendix 7:On-field Documentation for Indicator 5 – Tree Census & Nomenclature in Institutional Campuses of Coimbatore 212
Appendix 8: Photo documentation of Stakeholders Meetings / FGDs / Workshops/
On-site social perception surveys 213