Contents
Undertaking i
Certificate iii
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vii
Table of contents ix
List of figures xv
List of tables xviii
List of Abbreviation xx
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Need for The Study 2
1.3 Aim and Objectives 2
1.4 Scope and Limitations 3
1.4.1 Scope 3
1.4.2 Limitation 3
1.4.3 Hypothesis 3
1.5 Methodology 3
1.5.1 Study Methodology 3
1.5.2 Data Collection Methodology 4
2 Literature Review 6
2.1 Smart cities global perspective 6
2.2 Smart City evolution in Barcelona 7
2.3 Citizen Participation 8
2.3.1 Arnstein’s ladder of citizen participation 9
2.3.2 Elements of Effective Citizen Participation 10
2.4 Smart cities in Indian context 11
2.4.1 Area Based Development 11
2.4.2 Retrofitting 12
2.4.3 Redevelopment 12
2.4.4 Green Field Development 12
2.4.5 Pan-city development 12
2.5 Selection and implementation of Smart Cities Mission, India 12
2.6 ICT in smart cities 14
2.7 Case Studies for Citizen engagement in Smart Cities 14
2.7.1 Bhubaneswar 14
2.8 Learnings . 16
3 Inclusiveness in dialogue (Patna Smart City Proposal) 17
3.1 Smart City Mission Statement 17
3.2 Smart City Feature 17
3.3 Introduction to Patna Area Based Development 18
3.4 Patna Smart City Vision, Strategies, and Goals 20
3.4.1 Operation Aadharbhoot: Robust & Resilient Infrastructure 20
3.4.2 Operation Visankulan & Gatisheel Patna: City Decongestion 20
3.4.3 Operation Jan Kshetra: Recreationally Rejuvenating and Walkable 20
3.4.4 Operation Vaisvik: Strengthened Economic & Financial Base 20
3.4.5 Operation Samagra Vikas: Inclusive, Aware and Alert 20
3.4.6 Operation Vaisvik: Unique City Identity 20
3.5 Translation of Smart City Features into Patna Smart City Strategies 21
3.5.1 Promoting mixed land use in area-based developments 21
3.5.2 Housing and inclusiveness 21
3.5.3 Creating walkable localities 22
3.5.4 Preserving and developing open spaces . 22
3.5.5 Promoting a variety of transport options 22
3.5.6 Making governance citizen-friendly and cost-effective 22
3.5.7 Giving an identity to the city 22
3.5.8 Applying Smart Solutions 22
3.6 Translation of Smart City Strategies into implantable projects 26
3.7 Conclusion . 26
4 Inclusiveness in planning (Coherence of macro and micro-level plan) 28
4.1 Legislative Framework 28
4.1.1 Bihar Urban Planning and Development Act, 2012 29
4.1.2 Bihar Urban Planning and Development Rule, 2014 30
4.2 Provision under Smart Cities Mission 30
4.3 Master Plan Patna 2031 32
4.4 Development Strategies for Master Plan Patna 2031 33
4.5 Patna Smart City response to the objective under Master Plan Patna 2031 33
4.5.1 Creation of a compact city to achieve sustainable development.34
4.5.2 Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) 34
4.5.3 Provision of adequate infrastructure . 35
4.6 Proposed Physical Infrastructure 35
4.6.1 Proposed Road Network 35
4.6.2 Water Supply 37
4.6.3 Alternative water harvesting system 37
4.6.4 Sewerage and Sanitation 38
4.6.5 Storm Water Drainage 38
4.6.6 Solid Waste Management 38
4.7 Conclusion 40
5 Inclusiveness of citizen (Citizen engagement in Patna Smart City) 41
5.1 Preparation Framework 41
5.2 Strategies for Citizen Engagement 43
5.2.1 Concept Dissemination 43
5.2.2 Engagements through Events 43
5.2.3 Range of Participation . 43
5.2.4 Recognition 44
5.3 Citizen Engagement Claimed 44
5.4 Perception of Stakeholders 46
5.4.1 Perception of Patna Smart City Limited 46
5.4.2 Perception of Project Management Consultant of Patna Smart City 47
5.4.3 Perception of Bihar Chamber of Commerce on Patna Smart City 48
5.4.4 Perception of Builders (CREDAI) on Patna Smart City 49
5.4.5 Perception of people related to the selected site on Patna Smart City 50
5.5 Use of ICT for public participation 60
5.6 Conclusion 60
6 Conclusion 63
6.1 Inclusivity of Patna ABD 63
6.2 Recommendation . 64
6.2.1 Planning and project related recommendations 64
6.2.2 Citizen engagement related recommendations 65
6.2.3 Special recommendation at the planning level 69
References xx
Appendix 1: Smart City Mission Statement and Guidelines xxiii
Appendix 2: Patna Smart City Proposal xxvi
Appendix 3: Master Plan, Patna 2031 xxix
Appendix 4: Questionnaire used for Patna Smart City Cell xxx
Appendix 5: Questionnaire used for Stakeholder Consultation xxxi
Appendix 5: Questionnaire used for Individual Survey xxxii