Contents
Undertaking i
Certificate iii
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vii
Table of contents ix
List of figures xiii
List of tables xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Research Question. 2
1.3 Explanation of key terminology 3
1.3.1 Understanding of slums 3
1.3.2 Informal sector 4
1.3.3 Economy in Slums 5
1.4 Why Dharavi? 6
2 Research Design 9
2.1 Research Objectives 9
2.2 Research Methodology 9
2.2.1 Study Design 10
2.2.2 Sample Selection 10
2.2.3 Data collection 10
2.2.4 Data processing and analysis 11
2.2.5 Scope and limitation 11
3 Homebased Economic activities (HBEA) 13
3.1 A home as place of work 13
3.2 Key aspects of HBEA 13
3.2.1 Productivity 13
3.2.2 Size and composition of workers: 13
3.2.3 Challenges of HBEA 14
3.3 Reasons of formation HBEA in slums 14
3.3.1 Rise in sub-contracting activity from formal enterprise 15
3.3.2 Additional source of income 15
3.4 Factors governing scale of economic activities in slums 15
3.5 Policy response to existing urban slums 15
3.5.1 Slum clearance and improvement policy 16
3.5.2 Slum upgradation . 16
3.5.3 Slum in-situ redevelopment 17
3.6 Critiques of slum redevelopment policy in context of HBEA 17
3.7 Comparison of slum redevelopment scheme across four cities in India: 18
3.7.1 Acts and policies 18
3.7.2 Implementation authority 18
3.7.3 Provisions for FSI and density . 18
3.7.4 Provision of commercial, social and community spaces: 19
3.7.5 Provision of open spaces 19
3.8 Significance of integration of HBEA in planning 19
4 Slums of Dharavi 21
4.1 Locating Dharavi 21
4.2 Making of Dharavi 22
4.2.1 Industrial development in Dharavi 22
4.2.2 Patterns of labour migration 23
4.3 Homebased economic activities in Dharavi 24
4.3.1 Reasons for establishment of homebased workshops 24
4.3.2 Types of Homebased economic activities 25
b. Food Industry: 26
4.4 Past planning attempts to redevelop Dharavi 27
4.4.1 Post-independence era: 27
4.4.2 Establishment of Slum rehabilitation Authority 29
4.5 Dharavi Redevelopment Plan 30
4.5.1 Question of validity of Dharavi Redevelopment Plan 31
a. Lack of public consultation 31
b. Lack of availability of data 31
c. Poor planning and design principles 31
d. Lack of clarity in roles of institutional 32
4.5.2 Modifications in the plan 32
a. Ownership map: 33
b. Existing land use map 33
c. Proposed land use map 34
4.5.3 Dharavi redevelopment planning regulations 34
4.6 Site selection . 35
5 Findings and discussions 37
5.1 Characteristics of study area 37
5.2 Characteristics of respondents 38
5.3 Nature of slum economy 38
5.3.1 Slum-based enterprises: 38
5.3.2 Households: 39
5.3.3 Homebased economic activities: 40
5.4 HBEA from spatial perspective . 41
5.4.1 Location of unit: 41
5.4.2 Unit size: 41
5.4.3 Space consumption 41
5.5 Analysis of Dharavi redevelopment planning regulations in context of HBEA 42
5.5.1 A progressive approach towards the integration of HBEA within planning regulations: 42
5.5.2 Loopholes in planning regulations in the context of HBEA: 43
6 Conclusion and recommendations 45
6.1 Summary of key findings 45
6.2 Recommendations 46
6.2.1 Macro-level recommendations: 46
6.2.2 Micro-level recommendations: 47
References 49
Appendix 1: Questionnaire for field survey 51
Appendix 2: Hutments distribution 53
Appendix 3: Homebased Economic activity survey 55