Contents
List of Figures 4
List of Tables 6
List of Maps . 7
Abbreviations 8
Abstract 9
Chapter 1: Background and Research 10
1.1: Introduction 11
1.1.1: Importance of green cover in urban areas 12
1.1.2: Green cover as an indicator of environmental quality 12
1.1.3: Impact of environmental condition on quality of urban life 12
1.2: Need for Study 13
1.3: Aim . 13
1.4: Research Objectives 13
1.5: Research Methodology 14
1.6: Scope 15
1.7: Limitations 15
Chapter 2: Literature Review 16
2.1: Concept of Sustainable Urban Planning 17
2.2: Green Infrastructure as a sustainable approach 18
2.3: Core Principles of Green Cover Planning 19
2.4: Components of Green Cover at various scales 19
2.5 Benefits of Green Cover Planning 20
2.5.1 Climate Change 20
2.5.2. Health and well-being 20
2.5.3. Economic growth and investment 20
2.5.4. Land Regeneration 20
2.5.5. Wildlife and habitats 21
2.5.6. Communities 21
2.6: Importance of green cover planning in development initiatives 21
2.7: Green space standards and Guidelines 22
2.7.1: International Cities 22
2.7.2: Indian Cities 22
2.7.3: URDPFI Guidelines 23
2.7.4: Urban Greening Guidelines, 2014 24
2.8: National Missions for Urban Environment 25
2.8.1: National Environment Policy, 2006 25
2.8.2: Forest Conservation Act, 1980 26
2.8.3: National Action Plan on Climate Change 26
2.8.4: National Mission for Green India 27
2.9: Case Studies 28
2.9.1: Chandigarh: City level assessment of green areas 28
2.9.2: New Delhi: Ward level assessment of green areas 30
2.9.3: Washington communities: Planning for Parks and Open Space 36
2.9.4: New York: The Central Park 39
Chapter 3:Study Area, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 40
3.1: Lucknow: The city profile 41
3.1.1: Geographical Location 41
3.1.2: Regional Linkages 42
3.1.3: Administrative Setup 42
3.1.4: Climate 43
3.1.5: Demographic Profile 43
3.1.6: Spatial Growth 45
3.1.7: Master Plan 2031 47
3.1.8: Assessment of Existing and Proposed Greens 48
3.1.9: History of Urban Green Spaces in Lucknow 49
3.2: City Level Assessment of Public Urban Green Spaces 52
3.2.1: Methodology for assessment 52
3.2.2: Urban green spaces at city level 52
3.2.3: Hierarchy of public urban green spaces 55
3.2.4: Accessibility assessment of public urban green spaces . 56
3.3: Ward Level Assessment of Public Urban Green Spaces 57
3.3.1: Methodology for assessment 57
3.3.2: Selection Criteria of the wards for the assessment 57
3.3.3: Quantitative Assessment of public urban green spaces 58
3.3.4: Qualitative Assessment of public urban green spaces 62
3.4: Conclusion 91
3.4.1: Comparing all four wards based on the following parameters assessed 91
3.4.2: Linking principles of green cover planning with the findings 91
Chapter 4: Enabling mechanisms for urban green cover 94
4.1: Enabling mechanisms for provision of green spaces 95
4.1.1: National Level 95
4.1.2: State Level 95
4.1.3: City Level 96
4.2: Municipal Finance and Budget Allocations 101
4.3: Legal Provisions 102
4.3.1: Uttar Pradesh Urban Planning & Development Act, 1973 102
4.3.2: Uttar Pradesh Park, Playgrounds & Open area Act, 1975 103
4.3.3: Major Policies of Housing and Urban Planning Department 103
4.5: Other approaches by local authority to enhance green cover 104
4.6: Conclusion 105
Chapter 5: Strategies to improve green 106
5.1 Green Grey Integration 107
5.2 Connecting green spaces through green corridors 108
5.3 Public Private Partnership to maintain and manage parks 109
5.4 Provide consolidated large green space 110
Conclusion 112
References 113