Table Of Contents
Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Historcal Background 4
1.3 Advantages 5
1.4 The Need For Study 6
1.5 Objective:- 7
1.6 Scope Of Work:- 7
Literature Review 8
2.1 General 8
2.2 Literature Review 8
2.3 Technical Papers 8
2.4 References: 11
Theory 12
3.1 Superstructure Elements 12
3.1.1 Carriageway 12
3.1.2 Footpath 12
3.1.3 Crash-Barrier 12
3.1.4 Parapet 12
3.1.5 Drainage 12
3.1.6 Lightning 12
3.2 Loading On Bridges 13
3.2.1 Dead Load 13
3.2.2 Live Load 14
3.2.3 Dynamic Augmentation 14
3.2.4 Superimposed Dead Load 15
3.3 Concept Of Prestressed Concrete 15
3.3.1 Loss Of Prestress 16
3.4 Grillage Analogy Method: 17
3.4.1 General Steps For Grillage Analogy Method 17
3.4.2 Grillage Idealization 18
3.4.3 Evaluation Of Equivalent Elastic Properties 20
3.4.4 Application And Transfer Of Loads 20
3.4.4.1 Dead Load: 20
3.4.4.2 Live Load: 21
3.4.5 Interpretition Of Results 21
Analysis And Design 22
4.1 Data Formulation: 22
4.2 Grillage Analysis: 23
4.3 Idealization Of Physical Deck Into Equivalent Grillage 23
4.4 Evaluation Of Equivalent Elastic Inertia Of Members Of Grillage 24
4.4.1 Box Girder Transverse Property 24
4.5 Application And Transfer Of Loads To Various Nodes Of
Grillage 25
4.6 Software Modelling 25
4.7 Steps For Design 33
4.7.1 Data Collection 33
4.7.2 Determination Of Cable Profile 33
4.7.3 Determination Of Losses In Prestressing 33
4.7.4 Check For Stresses 36
4.7.5 Steps To Calculate Stresses 37
4.7.6 Check For Ultimate Strength 38
4.7.7 Check For Shear Force 39
4.7.8 Check For Torsion 40
4.7.9 Check For Deflection 41
4.7.10 Minimum Reinforcement 41
4.7.11 Design Of End Block 41
4.7.12 Elongation Calculation 42
4.7.13 Transverse Analysis Of Girder 43
4.8. Transverse Design Of Girder 44
Results And Conclusion 46
5.1design: 50
5.1.1 Box Girder 50
5.1.2 U Girder: 51
5.2 Cost Comparsion: 54
5.3 Conclusion: 59
5.4 Further Scope Of Work: 59
Annexure 60
Steps: 60
Box Girder 60
Step-2 62
Step-3 Application Of Loads: 63
Super Imposed Dead Load: 63
Live Load: 64
Load Combinations 65
Setting Up The Profile Of Cable 65
Calculation Of Losses In The Cable: 66