List of Contents
Undertaking iii
Certificate v
Acknowledgement vii
Abstract ix
List of Contents xiii
List of Figures xix
List of Tables xxiii
List of Graphs xxv
Notations xxxi
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Tall Building Definition 1
1.2 History of Development of Tall Building 1
1.3 Need of Tall Buildings 5
1.4 Introduction of Outrigger and Belt truss System 5
1.5 Objective of This Study 7
1.6 Scope of Work 8
2. Literature Review 9
2.1 Indian Standard for Tall Building 9
2.2 Technical Papers for Analysis of Outrigger and Belt Truss System 10
3 Methodology & Load Calculations 19
3.1 Details of Case Study for 2D frame and 3D structure 19
3.2 Dead and Live Loads 22
3.3 Wind Loads 23
3.3.1 Static Wind 23
3.3.2 Along Wind 25
3.3.3 Across Wind 27
3.3.4 Wind Analysis in ETABS 2017 Software 28
3.3.4.1 Auto Lateral Wind Load 28
3.3.4.2 Auto Lateral User Load 29
3.4 Seismic Loads 29
3.4.1 Static Earthquake Analysis in ETABS 31
3.4.2 Dynamic Earthquake Analysis in ETABS 31
3.5 Lateral Load Summary 32
3.6 Load Combination 36
4. Preliminary Analysis on 2D Frames 37
4.1 Objective 37
4.2 Method of Analysis for Single Outrigger System 37
4.3 Optimum Location for Single Outrigger 39
4.4 Effect of Element Sizes in Outrigger System 40
4.5 2D Frame Model in CSI ETABS 2017 41
4.5.1 Modeling of Outrigger 41
4.5.2 Connection of Outrigger with Shear Wall Frame System 42
4.5.3 P-Delta Effect 42
4.5.4 Verification of Behavior of Outrigger System in ETABS 43
4.5.5 Section Properties Modification 43
5. Detailed Analysis 45
5.1 Software 45
5.2 Participation of Frame and Core for Lateral Load 45
5.3 Structural Systems 46
5.3.1 RCC Building 47
5.3.2 Steel Building 50
6. Results & Discussions 53
6.1 Top Displacement Comparison 53
6.1.1 Displacement along Height of RCC Core Outrigger System 53
6.1.2 Displacement along Height of Steel Braced Core Outrigger System 55
6.2 Story Drift Comparison 57
6.2.1 Story Drift along Height of RCC Core Outrigger System 57
6.2.2 Story Drift along Height of Steel braced Core Outrigger System 59
6.3 Base Moment Comparison in Core 61
6.3.1 Base Moment along Height of RCC Core Outrigger System 61
6.3.2 Base Moment along Height of Steel Braced Core Outrigger System 63
6.4 Axial Force in Columns for Lateral Load Case 65
6.4.1 Axial Force in Column of RCC Core Outrigger System 65
6.4.2 Axial Force in Column of Steel Braced Core Outrigger System 69
6.5 Differential Shortening in Core and Outrigger Column 72
6.5.1 Differential Shortening in Core and Column of RCC Core Outrigger System 72
6.5.2 Differential Shortening in Core and Column of RCC Core Outrigger System 73
6.6 Comparison between RCC Core Outrigger and Steel Braced Core Outrigger System 73
6.6.1 Comparison of Stiffness of System 73
6.6.2 Comparison of Participation of Frame and Core in Systems for Lateral Load 74
6.6.3 Compression of Top Displacement 75
6.6.4 Comparison of Base Moment 75
6.6.5 Efficiency of Reduction in Deflection 76
6.6.6. Efficiency of Reduction in Base Moment 77
7. Conclusion & Future Scope 79
7.1 Conclusion 79
7.2 Future Scope 80
References 81
Appendix 1: Wind Load Calculation 85
Appendix 2: Seismic Load Calculation 85
Appendix 3: 2D Frame Outrigger System Analysis 85
Appendix 4: Slab Thickness Design 85
Appendix 5: Span Consideration for Secondary Beam 85
Appendix 6: Steel Beam Design 85
Appendix 7: Steel Column Design 85
Appendix 8: Steel Bracing Design 85
Appendix 9: RCC Column Design 85
Appendix 10: RCC Beam Design 85
Appendix 11: Composite Beam Design 85