List of Figures, Tables and Annexures .. 9 .Acronyms .. 13 Acknowledgement .. 15 1. Valuation of Mangroves: A Major Ecosystem on the Indian Coast .. 17 Introduction Mangroves: Critical for Ecology and Economy Economic Uses Protection against Strong Winds, Cyclones and Tswnami Waves Other Critical Ecological Functions Global Status of Mangroves Mangroves in India Biodiversity of Mangrove Ecosystem in India Mangroves of West Coast Mangroves of East Coast Depletion and Degradation of Mangroves in India Conservation Measures Present Study 2. Changing Status of Mangroves in Gujarat ..41 Mangroves in Gujarat Classification of Mangroves Onshore Mangroves Estuarine Mangroves Deltaic Mangroves Mangroves of the Gulf Changing Status of Mangroves in the State Mangroves between 1960s and 1980s Depletion and Degradation of Mangroves in the 1990s Restoration and Regeneration of Mangroves in Gujarat REMAG Project Potential of Mangroves in the State 3.Approach to Valuation of Mangroves75 Framework for Valuation of Mangroves Replacement Cost Versus Development Cost Use and Non-use Value Value of Mangroves at Different Levels Livelihood Protection and Distributional Dimension of Valuation Present and Potential Value of Mangroves Methods of Valuation of Mangroves The Replacement Method Estimating Direct and Indirect Use Value of Mangroves Estimating Non-use Value of Mangroves Potential Value of Mangroves 4.Replacement Value of Mangroves .. 89 The Sample Villages Regeneration of Mangroves in the Selected Villages Replacement and Restoration Cost Value of Full Restoration of Mangroves in the State 5. The Present Direct and Indirect Use Value of Mangroves in Gujarat 109 The Direct Use Value of Mangroves Value of Mangroves as Fodder Value of Mangroves as Fuel Wood and for Construction Value of Mangroves as Timber Collection of Crabs, Mudskippers and Fish from Mangrove Waters Total Direct Use Value of Mangroves in Gujarat Indirect Use Value of Mangroves Indirect Use Value of Mangroves for On-shore Fishery Value of Mangroves for On-shore Fisheries Indirect Use Value of Mangroves for Protection Value of Mangroves for their Ecological Functions Potential Direct Use Value of Mangroves Wood Products Non-wood Products Recreation and Ecotourism Summary Picture of Direct and Indirect Use Value 6. Estimating Non-use Value of Mangroves137 Non-use Value and Indirect Use Value Carbon Sequestration Shoreline Stabilisation/Erosion Control Mangroves for the Future 7.Concluding Observations and Inferences 147 Use and Non-use Value of Mangroves Limitations of Valuation Need For Further Research Inferences For Coastal Development Policy Selected References155 Index . 165