IV I CONTEXT OF THE STUDY 1 Scope 1 Gender Framework 2 Expected Benefits of Selected Programmes 2 Why These Two Programmes? 3 Methodology and Chapter Scheme 3 IIECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND POLICY ENVIRONMENT IN GUJARAT 8 Economic Development 8 Policy Environment 9 Agriculture Sector Policies 10 IIIBUDGET ANALYSIS AT THE STATE LEVEL 11 Overall Budget Analysis 11 Outlays for Schemes Affecting Rural Women/Women Farmers 12 Allocations to Watershed 16 Training for Women in Agriculture (TWA) 16 IV STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE STATE OF GUJARAT 18 Social Development 18 Employment of Rural Women - Regional Trends 19 VEVALUATING WATERSHED PROGRAMME 30 Sample and Natural Resource Status 30 Demographic Characteristics and Education 33 Economic Status and Paid and Unpaid Work 36 Women's Empowerment 42 - Time-use Pattern 45 Summing Up 48 VI EVALUATING TRAINING FOR WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE (TWA) 52 Profile of Surveyed Women 52 Empowerment of Women Participating in TWA 53 Direct Benefits from TWA Programme 59 VII CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 63 Conclusion 64 Recommendations for Budgets 67 ANNEXURE DETAILS OF TRAINING FOR WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE (TWA) PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES x 71 REFERENCES 73 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Details of Villages Selected for Survey 5 Table 2.1 Sectoral Growth Rates, Gujarat, (1980-81 prices) 8 Table 3.1 Women-specific and Pro-women Scheme Allocations 11 Table 3.2 Share of Watershed Related Programmes in Departmental Budgets 17 Table 4.1 Male and Female Work Participation Rates, India and Gujarat 20 (Main + Marginal) Table 4.2 Female Work Participation Rates by Regions, Rural Gujarat, 1993-94 21 and 1999-00 Table 4.3 Occupational Diversification of Male and Female Workers, Rural Gujarat 22 Table 4.4 Occupational Diversification of Female Workers by Regions, (Principal and 23 Subsidiary Status), Rural Gujarat Table 4.5 Rural Workers in Specific Economic Activities, Gujarat, 1999-2000 25 Table 4.6Percentage Women Engaged in Housework, Rural Gujarat, 1993-94 27 and 1999-00 Table 4.7 Percentage Women Usually Engaged in Domestic Activities and also 28 Engaged in Other Activities, Rural Areas, 1999-00 Table 5.1 Sample Distribution by Land Ownership 30 Table 5.2 Sex Ratios 33 Table 5.3 Literacy Rates and Education Levels of Literates by Sex 35 Table 5.4 Monthly Expenditure (Rs) 37 Table 5.5 Percentage Households with Livestock 37 Table 5.6 Work Participation Rates 39 Table 5.7 Child Labour 40 Table 5.8 Percentage Engaged in Collection of Firewood etc. and Domestic Work 41 Table 5.9 Engaged in only Domestic Work (%) 41 Table 5.10 Participation in Different Agricultural Activities (%) 43 Table 5.11 Use of Income 44 Table 5.12 Aspirations for the Daughter 45 Table 5.13 Time (in Hours) Spent by Male and Female in Different Activities Per Day46 Table 6.1 Monthly Expenditure (Rs.), TWA 52 Table 6.2 Participation in Different Agricultural Activities (%), TWA 53 Table 6.3 Participation in Village Level Organisations and Activities 55 Table 6.4 Knowledge of Development Programmes 56 Table 6.5 Participation in Household Level Decision-making, TWA 56 Table 6.6 Aspirations for the Daughter, TWA 57 Table 6.7 Time (in Hours) Spent by Female in Different Activities Per Day 58 Table 6.8 Participation in Village level Activities after the Training (%) 61 LIST OF MAPS AND CHARTS Map 1 Five Study Regions, Gujarat 6