Contents
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY 1
1.2 AIM 1
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION 1
1.4 OBJECTIVES 2
1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION: 2
1.6 METHEDOLOGY 2
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 DEFINATION OF URBAN FLOOD 4
2.2 TYPES OF FLOODS 4
2.3 CAUSES OF FLOODS 5
2.4 URBAN FLOODING AND DRAINAGE ISSUES AROUND THE
WORLD: 5
2.5 URBANIZATION AND DRAINAGE ISSUE 6
2.6 CASE STUDIES 8
3 URBAN HYDROLOGY AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM 13
3.1 ASSESSING THE RAINFALL RUN OFF RELATIONSHIP 13
3.2 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO FLOODS: 13
3.3 METHODS FOR QUANTIFYING THE STORM WATER RUN OFF .14
3.4 CONCLUSION: 14
4 INTRODUCTION OF AGARTALA CITY 16
4.1 ORIGIN AND HISTORY 16
4.2 LOCATION OF THE CITY 16
4.3 CLIMATE 17
4.4 TOPOGRAPHY 18
4.5 POPULATION GROWTH 18
4.6 CITY GROWTH AND DIRECTION 20
4.7 EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF THE CITY 23
4.8 NUMBER OF SLUMS IN THE CITY 24
4.9 PRESENT CITY INFRASTRUCTURES TO MANAGE WATER
LOGGING 25
4.10 INFRASTRUCTURE GAPS AND FUTURE REQUIREMENTS 25
4.11 CONCLUSION 27
5 URBAN FLOOD AND ITS IMPACT ON URBAN COMMUNITY IN
AGARTALA 28
5.1 TREND OF FLOODING: 28
5.2 REASONS OF FLOODING IN THE CITY 28
5.3 FLOOD PRONE AND WATER LOGGING AREAS IN THE CITY 33
5.4 SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE CITY DUE TO FLOOD: 35
5.5 CONCLUSION 37
6 RECOMMENDATION 38
6.1 Flood Forecasting and Warning Plan: 42