Contents i
List of Tables iii
List of Figures v
List of Abbreviations and Units vi
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Aim, Objective and Scope 1
1.3 Methodology 1
1.4 Structure of Thesis 2
2. Literature Review 3
2.1 Introduction 3
2.2 Population Pressure 3
2.3 Sewage Generation 3
2.4 The Problem 4
2.5 The Current Infrastructure 5
2.6 The Solution to Current Infrastructure 5
2.7 Summary 6
3. Research Methodology 7
3.1 Introduction 7
3.2 Data Collection 7
3.3 Data Analysis 7
3.4 Summary 8
4. Design 9
4.1 Introduction 9
4.2 Selection of Area 9
4.3 Design Life 11
4.4 Population Estimation 11
4.5 Water Consumption and Sewage Generation 13
4.6 Determination of Influent Sewage Quality 14
4.7 Requirement of Effluent Sewage Quality 15
4.8 Technologies for Sewage Treatment 15
4.9 Sewage Treatment Process 17
4.10 Purification of Sewage 20
4.11 Design of Modules for DTPS 217 21
4.12 Design of Modules for Kalhaar Bungalows 37
4.13 Summary 40
5. Findings and Analysis 41
5.1 Introduction 41
5.2 Comparison of Technologies 41
5.2 Recycling of treated sewage 46
5.3 Plan of DSTP 48
5.4 Applicability of the model 49
5.5 Summary 50
6. Conclusion 51
6.1 Conclusion and Importance of Thesis 51
6.2 Research Limitations 51
6.3 Recommendations for Further Research 51
Annexures 52
A. Classification of Sewage Treatment Processes and Sludge Handling 52
B. Percentage Removal of Parameters in Various Treatment Processes 53
C. Critical Parameters for Operation of Units 54
References 55