Contents
Undertaking i
Certificate iii
Acknowledgments v
Abstract viii
Table of contents xi
List of figures xi
List of tables xiii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xv
Greywater management and its importance xv
Purpose of research xv
Programs, policies and guidelines on greywater xvi
Overview of greywater management in Wai xvi
Options for greywater management in Wai xvii
Conclusion xviii
1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1
1.1 What is greywater? 1
1.2 Differentiating blackwater v/s greywater 2
1.3 Significance of greywater management 2
1.4 Impacts of improper management of greywater on health 3
1.5 Need of programs and policies 4
1.6 Wastewater reuse policies in India 4
2 RESEARCH OUTLINE 6
2.1 Research aim 6
2.2 Research questions 6
2.3 Research objectives 6
2.4 Research Methodology 7
2.4.1 Literature review 7
2.4.2 Defining parameters for research 7
2.4.3 Primary surveys and stakeholder interaction 8
3 Literature review 9
3.1 Understanding the physical, chemical and biological properties of Greywater 9
3.1.1 Composition of greywater 9
3.1.2 Physical properties 9
3.1.3 Chemical properties 10
3.1.4 Biological properties 12
3.2 Provisions for greywater management in India 12
3.3 Provisions for greywater in various countries 13
3.4 Details of management methods/ technologies across the value chain 14
3.4.1 User interface 14
3.4.2 Containment 16
3.4.3 Conveyance 17
3.4.4 Treatment 20
4 ABOUT THE STUDY AREA: WAI 25
4.1 Overview of sanitation in Wai 25
4.2 Current status of greywater management 25
4.3 Greywater management in Wai across the value chain 26
4.3.1 Household plumbing/ collection system 26
4.3.2 Conveyance system 26
4.3.3 Treatment 28
4.3.4 Disposal 29
4.4 Results of the household survey conducted 30
4.5 Overview of proposed DPR: Underground sewage/ sullage network for Wai 31
5 OTHER FEASIBLE GREYWATER MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR WAI 33
5.1 Covering drains, providing interceptor drains and treatment system 33
5.1.1 Reuse potential in Wai MIDC 39
5.2 Decentralized greywater treatment option 42
5.3 Packaged treatment option 46
5.3.1 Individual bungalows 47
5.3.2 Row houses 51
5.3.3 Apartments 52
6 CONCLUSION 54
References xiii
Appendix 1: Interview guide XVI
Appendix 2: Pumping calculations XIX