Contents
Undertaking i
Certificate iii
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vii
Table of contents xi
List of Figures xv
List of Tables xvii
List of Abbreviations xix
1 Research Proposal 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Review of Metro Rail Policy (2017) 2
1.3 Need for the Study 3
1.4 Research Design 4
1.5 Aim 4
1.6 Objectives 4
1.7 Scope 4
1.8 Limitations 5
1.9 Research Methodology 5
1.10 Thesis Structure 8
2 Literature Review 11
2.1 Global Air Quality 11
2.2 Transport Emissions 11
2.3 Urban Development & Transport in India 12
2.4 Transport & Emissions in Chennai 13
2.5 Mass Transport Systems & Emissions 14
2.6 Summary 16
Chennai: City Profile 17
2.7 Introduction to the City 17
2.8 Demography 18
2.9 Socio-demographic Characteristics 19
2.10 Travel Characteristics 20
2.11 Travel Demand 21
2.12 Mode Share Trends 21
2.13 Vehicular Population 22
2.14 Public Transport Systems 23
2.14.1 Road Network 23
2.14.2 Bus Transport 24
2.14.3 Rail Network 24
2.14.4 Metro Rail 25
2.15 Summary 27
3 Air Quality Monitoring & Apportionment 29
3.1 Air Quality Monitoring 29
3.2 Station Profiling 30
4 Influence of Metro rail on the Air Quality of Chennai, by analyzing the Pre
& Post-operational phase of Metro 33
4.1 Data Source & Methodology 33
4.2 PM10 Analysis in AQMS Near Metro Line 34
4.3 PM10 Analysis in AQMS Away from Metro Line 36
4.4 NOx Analysis in AQMS Near Metro Line 38
4.5 NOx Analysis in AQMS Away from Metro Line 39
4.6 Summary 40


5 Other Parameters Influencing the Air Quality of Chennai (Apart From
Metro Rail) 43
Impact of Metro on Air Quality of the City: The case of Chennai
5.1 Data Source & Methodology 43
5.1.1 PM10 Source Apportionment 44
5.1.2 NOx Source Apportionment 44
5.2 Road Sector 45
5.2.1 Increase of Road Length 45
5.2.2 Influence of Road Surface Quality 46
5.2.3 Road Repair & Maintenance 48
5.3 Vehicular Exhaust 48
5.3.1 Mobility Trends 48
5.3.2 Mode Split Trends 49
5.4 Construction Activities 52
5.5 Landuse Changes 54
6 Reduction in Transport Emissions due to Operation of Chennai Metro 57
6.1 Data Source & Methodology 57
6.2 Performance of Chennai Metro as a Public Transport System 57
6.2.1 Metro rail Ridership Analysis 57
6.2.2 Primary Survey Analysis of Metro Commuters 60
6.2.3 Primary Survey Analysis of Non-Metro Commuters 65
6.2.4 Factors affecting Metro Usage 66
6.3 Data Source & Methodology for Emission Calculation 67
6.4 Emission Reduction Calculation 69
6.5 Emission Reduction due to Metro Usage Vs No-Metro Scenario 70
7 Findings & Conclusion 73
References 75
Appendix 1: Transport Emissions along Chennai Metro Corridors- Survey
Questionnaire 77