Contents
List of illustrations X
Priface XIX
Acknowledgements XXI
PART I Foundations 1
1 Introduction to adaptive behaviour 3
2 Adaptive beginnings 9
3 The emergence of the adaptive point of view 21
4 Summertime overheating in schools 28 '
5 The first international conference on thermal comfort 40
6 Adapting to enforced changes of temperature 46
7 The first meta-analysis 49
8 Clothing outdoors and during sleep 54
9 Meta-analysis 2: relating climate to indoor comfort 59
10 The origin of the Oxford Thermal Comfort Unit 66
11 Fieldwork in Pakistan 73
12 Raising awareness of the adaptive approach 85
13 Beginning fieldwork at Oxford Brookes University 96
14 PMV and the results of field studies 102
15 Adaptation and the ASHRAE RP-884 database 114
16 Going international: the SCATs project 121
PART II Ana lysis 131
17 Introducing Part II 133
18 Using the method of successive categories to explore the properties of thermal comfort scales 137
19 Developing, adapting and testing thermal subjective scales 168
20 A simple heat exchange model for thermal comfort conditions 181
21 Regression analysis: general features and effects of data-selection and binning 195
22 The effects of error in the predictor variable 211
23 Mutual relation between room temperature and subjective warmth 222
24 The relation between regression analysis and Probit analysis 233
25 The dependence of subjective warmth on within-day changes in room temperature 245
26 Constructing bell-shaped curves for comfort and temperature 259
27 Tolerance of seasonal drift of indoor temperature 270
28 Estimating neutral temperatures from survey data 284
29 The adaptive relation between indoor temperatures and the outdoor climate 296
30 Do people like to feel neutral? Semantic offsets and zero-errors 319
31 Clothing and thermal behaviour 331
32 Interactions among environmental variables, adaptation and overall comfort 352
33 Drawing the threads together 357
References 361
Index 372