Contents
Contributors IX
1. Learning from planning's histories by Robert Freestone 1
Planning and History 1
The History of Planning 7
Purpose and Structure of this Book 11
Conclusion 15
2. The centenary of modern planning by Peter Hall 20
1898: The Rejection of the Paleotechnic City 21
1923: The Triumph of Vision and the Failure of Practice 23
1948: The Great Postwar Rebuild 26
1973: The Great Shift in Zeitgeist 29
1998: The Search for Sustainable Urban Development 32
Conclusion 36
3. Re-examining the international diffusion of planning by Stephen V Ward 40
International Diffusion as a Historical Theme 41
A Typology of Diffusion 43
Diffusion by Borrowing 45
Diffusion by Imposition 51
Conclusions and Speculations 55
4. Quasi utopias: perfect cities in an imperfect world by Dennis Hardy 61
Imperfect Cities in an Imperfect World 61
Perfect Cities in a Perfect World 64
Perfect Cities in an Imperfect World 68
Utopianism and Town Planning 72
Conclusion 76
5. Learning from twentieth century urban design paradigms: lessons for the early twenty-first century by Jon Lang 78
Twentieth Century Paradigms : Empiricism and Rationalism 79
The Empiricist Paradigms 80
The Rationalist Paradigms 84
Paradigms for Cities and their Precincts 87
The Utility and Limitations of Paradigms 90
Looking Ahead: Paradigms for the Early Twenty-First Century 93
Conclusion 95
6. Rethinking the significance of the city beautiful idea by Gilbert A. Stelter 98
The City as a Work of Art 99
Broadening the Decision-Making Powers of the Public 107
A Theory of the City as an Organism 110
Success and Relevance 113
7. The neighbourhood paradigm: from garden cities to gated communities by Dirk Schubert 118
Decentralization, Urban Reform, and Planned Communities 118
American Experiments in the 1920s and 1930s 121
Neighbourhoods in England 125
The 'Local Group as a Settlement Cell' in Germany 127
Neighbourhoods in Postwar Reconstruction 129
Epilogue and Conclusions 132
8. Planning for social betterment : from standard of living to quality of life by Raphael Fischler 139
The Standardization of Need 141
The Paradox of the Standard of Living 143
The Quality-of-Life Movement 145
Quality of Life in Post-Industrial Society 148
Conclusion 152
9. The paradoxes of anti-sprawl reform by Robert Bruegmann 158
From 'Blight' to 'Sprawl' 158
Aesthetic Objections 160
Efficiency Arguments 163
Equity Arguments 165
Environmental Arguments 167
The Debate becomes International 168
The Anti-Sprawl Coalition 169
Conclusion 170
10. Motor vehicles and the inner city by Jeffry M .Diefendorf 175
Cologne: The Persistence of Arterial Planning 178
Basel : The Rewards of Frustrated Traffic Planning 182
Boston : Constructing and Destructing a Central Artery 187
Conclusion 190
11. Planning and heritage : towards integration by David Hamer 194
The Haussmannite Tradition 194
Rejection of the Victorian City 196
Planners and the Past: Models of Evolution and Change 197
The Reconstruction of Historic City Centres by Dictators 199
The Impacts of the Second World War and the Triumph of Modernism 199
The Reaction against Modernism 201
The Historic District as the Focus for the Convergence of Interests 205
Third World and Post-Colonial Issues 207
Conclusion 208
12. Open space, urban planning and the evolution of the green city by Maurits Van Rooijen 212
Categorizing Urban Open Spaces Historically 213
Common Open Space 214
The Royal Public Garden 214
The Bourgeois Park 216
People's Parks 219
Garden City/New Town 222
Green Town Planning of Tomorrow 224
Conclusion 226
13. Diversity, difference and the multi-layered city by Susan Thompson 230
Global Migration and the Emergence of the Multi-Layered City 231
The Multi-Layered City 233
Planning and the Multi-Layered City 238
Responding to the Multi-Layered-City: Governance in Australia 241
A Way Forward 243
Conclusion 245
14. Global city regions: planning and policy dilemmas in a Neo-Liberal world
By Allen J. Scott 249
Setting the Scene : City and Region in the Postwar Era 250
Global City Regions : Form and Function 254
Prospective Planning and Political Agendas for Global City Regions 258
Conclusion 265
15. Is planning history? By Brendan Gleeson and Nicholas Low 269
The Decay of Planning Values 270
Neo-Liberalism, Globalization and Planning 272
Contemporary Neo- Liberal Planning Reform in Australia 276
Is Planning History? 281
Conclusion 282
Index 285