CONTENTS
Foreword ix
1 Introduction to HVAC 1
Instructions 1
Study Objectives of Chapter 1 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2Brief History of HVAC 2
1.3 Scope of Modern HVAC 3
1.4 Introduction to Air-Conditioning Processes 3
1.5 Objective: What is your system to achieve? 4
1.6 Environment For Human Comfort 6
The Next Step 8
Summary 9
Bibliography 9
2 Introduction to HVAC Systems 11
Instructions 11
Study Objectives of Chapter 2 11
2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Introducing the Psychrometric Chart 12
2.3 Basic Air-Conditioning System 20
2.4 Zoned Air-Conditioning Systems 24
2.5 Choosing an Air-Conditioning System 27
2.6 System Choice Matrix 30
The Next Step 31
Summary 31
Bibliography 33
3 Thermal Comfort 34
Instructions 34
Study Objectives of Chapter 3 34
3.1 Introduction: What is Thermal Comfort? 34
3.2 Seven Factors Influencing Thermal Comfort 35
3.3 Conditions for Comfort 38
3.4 Managing Under Less Than Ideal Conditions 41
3.5 Requirements of Non-Standard Groups 42
The Next Step 43
Summary 43
Bibliography 44
4 Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality 45
Instructions 45
Study Objectives of Chapter 4 45
4.1 Introduction 45 8
4.2 Air Pollutants and Contaminants 46
4.3 Indoor Air Quality Effects on Health and Comfort 47
4.4 Controlling Indoor Air Quality 49
4.5 ASHRAE Standard 62, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air
Quality 54
The Next Step 59
Summary 59
Bibliography 60
5 Zones 62
Instructions 62
Study Objectives of Chapter 5 62
5.1 Introduction 62
5.2 What is a Zone? 63 9
5.3 Zoning Design 63
5.4 Controlling the Zone 68
The Next Step 69
Summary 69
6 Single Zone Air Handlers and Unitary Equipment 71
Instructions 71
Study Objectives of Chapter 6 71
6.1 Introduction 72
6.2 Examples of Buildings with Single-Zone Package
Air-Conditioning Units 72
6.3 Air-Handling Unit Components 73
6.4 The Refrigeration Cycle 78
6.5 System Performance Requirements 83
6.6 Rooftop Units 85
6.7 Split Systems 88
The Next Step 89
Summary 89
Bibliography 91
7 Multiple Zone Air Systems 92
Instructions 92
Study Objectives of Chapter 7 92
7.1 Introduction 93
7.2 Single-Duct, Zoned-Reheat, Constant-Volume Systems 94
7.3 Single-Duct, Variable-Air-Volume Systems (VAV) 96
7.4 Bypass Box Systems 98
7.5 Constant-Volume, Dual-Duct, All-Air Systems 99
7.6 Multizone Systems 102
7.7 Three-Deck Multizone Systems 103
7.8 Dual-Duct, Variable-Air-Volume Systems 104
7.9 Dual-Path Outside-Air Systems 105
The Next Step 105
Summary 106
8 Hydronic Systems 108
Instructions 108
Study Objectives of Chapter 8 108
8.1 Introduction 109
8.2 Natural Convection and Low Temperature Radiation Heating Systems 110
8.3 Panel Heating and Cooling 113
8.4 Fan Coils 114
8.5 Two-Pipe Induction Systems 117
8.6 Water Source Heat Pumps 118
The Next Step 120
Summary 120
Bibliography 121
9 Hydronic System Architecture 122
Instructions 122
Study Objectives of Chapter 9
9.1 Introduction 123
9.2 Steam Systems 123
9.3 Water Systems 125
9.4 Hot Water Systems 129
9.5 Chilled Water Systems
9.6 Condenser Water
The Next Step
Summary 137
Bibliography
10 Central Plants
Study Objectives of Chapter 10 139
10.1 Introduction 140
10.2 Central Plant Versus Local Plant in a Building 140
10.3 Boilers 142
10.4 Chillers 145
10.5 Cooling Towers 148
The Next Step 151
Summary 152
Bibliography 153
11 Controls 154
11.1Instructions 154
11.2 Control Basics 156
11.3 Typical Control loops 161
11.4 Introduction to Direct Digital Control (DDC) 163
11.5 Direct Digital Control of an Air-Handler 168
11.6 Architecture and Advantages of Direct Digital Controls 172
The Next Step 175
Summary 176
Bibliography 177
12 Energy Conservation Measures 178
Instructions 178
Study Objectives of Chapter 12 178
12.1 Introduction 179
12.2 Energy Considerations For Buildings 179
12.3 ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 183
12.4 Heat Recovery 186
12.5 Air-Side and Water-Side Economizers 190
12.6 Evaporative Cooling 192
12.7 Control of Building Pressure The Final Step 194
The Final Step 194
Summary 195
Bibliography 196
13 Special Applicat ions 197
Instructions 197
Study Objectives of Chapter 13 197
13.1 Introduction 198
13.2 Radiant Heating and Cooling Systems 198
13.3 Thermal Storage Systems 201
13.4 The Ground as Heat Source and Sink 211
13.5 Occupant-Controlled Windows with HVAC 212
13.6 Room Air Distribution Systems 213
13.7 Decoupled and Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems Summary 217
Summary 220
Your Next Step 222
Bibliography 223
Epilogue 223
Index 225