CONTENTS
PART I Archaic Japan
ONE Environment and Early Settlement 19
TWO Yamato 25
The Beginnings of Political Unity 25
Government and Religion 32
PART II ANCIENT JAPAN
The Taika Reform 42
Conclusion 50
FOUR o Culture in the Nara Period 52
Material Culture 53
Writings 55
FIVE o Government in the Heian Period 64
Emperor Kammu and His Successors 781-850 66
Rule by the Fujiwara, 850-1068 68
The Development of Sh6en 74
Rule by Cloistered Emperors (lnsei),
1068-1156 77
Conclusion 79
six o Heian Literature 81
Poetry 83
Early Prose and Uta-monogatari 85
Court Diaries (nikki) 88
Two Heian Masterpieces-Makura no Soshi and
Genji Monogatari 9!
SEVEN o Religion in the Heian Period 98
Tendai Buddhism 98
Shingon Buddhism 104
Religion and Society 106
EIGHT o Architecture and Art in the Heian Period 110
Architecture 110
Sculpture 114
Painting 115
Music 116
PART III MEDIEVAL JAPAN
NINE Rule by the Military Houses 121
The Rise and Fall of the House of Taira 124
The Heike Monogatari 126
The Success of the Minamoto Under Yoritomo 128
The H6j6 Regency 132
The Mongol Invasions 135
The Decline of the Kamakura Bakufu 136
The House of Ashikaga 138
The Muromachi Bakufu at Its Height 140
TEN o The Failure of Ashikaga Rule : The Vigor of Economic and Cultural Life 144
The Collapse of Central Government 144
The Vigor of Economic Life 147
Cultural Life in the Period of the Country at War 148
Funa Benkei 154
ELEVEN o Buddhism in the Kamakura and Muromachi Periods 158
Honen (1133-1212), Shinran (1173-1262), and the Spread of Amidism 161
Nichiren (1222-82) 165
Dogen (1200-1253) and Other Zen Monks 167
PART IV EARLY MODERN JAPAN
TWELVE Sixteenth-Century Japan 173
Nobunaga and Hideyoshi 174
Castles, Palaces, and Decorative Arts in the Momoyama Period 184
Contact with the Outside World 187
THIRTEEN Administration Under the Tokugawa 190
The New Bakufu 191
Regulation of Elites: Buddhist Sects and the Imperial Court 195
Central Government and Local Autonomy: The
Baku-Han System 196
Foreign Policy: "Closure" of the Country and Relations with Neighboring States 202
Bureaucratization and the Changing Role of the Samurai 209
Taxation and Fiscal Problems 214
The Bakufu, 1651-184 217
FOURTEEN Society and Culture in Early Modern Japan 220
Monetization and the Development of a Market
Economy 222
Villages Drawn into the National Economy 226
City Life and City Culture 231
Intellectual Life and Education 244
The Japanese "Family System" 249
Conclusion 252
PART V MODERN JAPAN
FIFTEEN The Meiji Era and Policies for Modernization
The Restoration 258 Meiji Foreign Policy 264
Economic Policies and the Beginnings of
Industrialization 270
Domestic Politics and the Transition to Constitutional Rule 280
Formation and Development of Political
Parties 289
The Constitution and the Ideology of
Kokutai 294
Meiji Society 299
SIXTEEN From Consensus to Crisis, 1912-37
Painting 305
Music 308
Dramatic Entertainments Literature 315
Ideology 318
Politics and the Economy Conclusion 338
SEVENTEEN Solutions Through Force
War in China 343
The Pacific War 349
The Occupation 354
POSTSCRIPT 361
BIBLIOGRAPHY 375
INDEX 385