CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 9
PART 1.THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 13
CHAPTER 1: SMART CITIES CONCEPT 13
SMART CITY CLASSIFICATIONS 16
SMART CITY AS A CONNECTED CITY 17
SMART CITY AS A CREATIVE CITY 19
SMART CITY AS AN ENTREPRENEURIAL CITY 21
BASIC COMPONENTS OF A SMART CITY 26
CITY (GOVERNMENT) AS A PLATFORM 34
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 36
CHAPTER 2: SMART MOBILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF URBAN MOBILITY 39
CLASSICAL URBAN MOBILITY 39
"SMART" URBAN MOBILITY 44
ROLE OF DATA IN THE "SMART MOBILITY" CONCEPT 47
AN OVERVIEW OF THE EU INITIATIVES ON SMART MOBILITY 51
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 54
CHAPTER 3: OPEN DATA CONCEPT IN A DISCOURSE OF SMART CITIES 56
WHAT IS OPEN DATA? 56
GIVING DEFINITIONS TO OPEN DATA 61
OPEN DATA CLASSIFICATION 64
WHAT IS REAL "OPENNESS"? 68
GOVERNMENTAL MOTIVATIONS TO OPEN-UP ITS DATA 72
CRITICS OF OPEN DATA CONCEPT 77
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 84
CHAPTER 4: OPEN DATA. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OVERVIEW 86
INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK. OECD- PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR ACCESS TO RESEARCH DATA FROM PUBLIC FUNDING (2007) 87
EUROPEAN UNION FRAMEWORK. 90
DIGITAL AGENDA AND PUBLIC DATA CORE DIRECTIVES 90
DIRECTIVE 2003/98/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL ON THE RE-USE OF PUBLIC SECTOR INFORMATION (OF 17 NOVEMBER 2003 93
CORRESPONDENCE OF TWO DIRECTIVES 108
SUMMARY AND CONCLUS IONS 109
PART 2: EMPIRICAL RESEARCH 111
CHAPTER 5: CASE STUDIES LONDON, BERLIN, BRUSSELS 111
MOTIVATION OF CHOICE AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 111
CASE STUDY N!!l. CITY OF LONDON 113
THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM 113
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 115
PSI DIRECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION 115
INSPIRE DIRECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION 117
"OPEN DATA WHITE PAPER" 121
OVERVIEW OF APPLICATIONS FOR URBAN MOBILITY IN THE CITY OF LONDON 125
CASE STUDY N!!2. BERLIN 136
THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM 136
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 138
PSI DIRECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION 138
INSPIRE DIRECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION 142
OVERVIEW OF APPLICATIONS FOR URBAN MOBILITY IN BERLIN 146
CASE STUDY N!!3. BRUSSELS 156
THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM 156
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 158
PSI AND INSPIRE DIRECTIVES IMPLEMENTATION 158
OVERVIEW OF APPLICATIONS FOR URBAN MOBILITY IN THE CITY OF BRUSSELS 160
OPEN DATA INITIATIVE IN BELGIUM 160
OVERVIEW OF APPLICATIONS 169
FINAL CASES CONCLUSIONS 175
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 179
RECOMMENDATIONS 185
EPILOG 189
ABOUT THE AUTHOR 191
BIBLIOGRAPHY 192