Contents
Undertaking i
Certificate iii
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vii
Table of contents ix
List of figures xiii
List of tables xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Overview of Swachh Survekshan 2
1.1.1 Open defecation free status 3
1.1.2 Organization structure for SBM 4
2 Review of previously existing assessment frameworks 7
2.1 Global Liveability Ranking 7
2.2 Liveability index: Smart cities, India 8
2.3 Sustainable City Index 9
2.4 Service Delivery Indicators: Africa 10
2.5 Service Level Benchmarking by MoUD, India 11
2.6 City Sanitation Rating by MoUD, India 12
2.7 Learnings from the assessment framework across different sectors 13
2.7.1 Comparison of Swachh Survekshan with the previously existing assessment frameworks in India 14
3 About the Research 17
3.1 The significance of the Study 17
3.2 Research Question 17
3.3 Aim 17
3.4 Objectives 17
4 Methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the framework 19
4.1 Assessment for the effectiveness of the Swachh Survekshan framework 20
4.1.1 Solid Waste Management 2016 rules 22
4.1.2 CPHEEO guidelines for Municipal Solid Waste Management 26
4.1.3 Environmental act 1986 27
4.1.4 Service Level Benchmarks by MoUD 28
4.1.5 SAN Benchmarks 29
4.2 Summary of Framework Review 31
5 Assessing the effectiveness of the Swachh Survekshan framework for the
cities of different population size classes 33
5.1 Assessment of the parameters of Swachh Survekshan framework 33
5.2 Assessment of the results of previous editions of Swachh Survekshan .37
6 Assessing the impact of Swachh Survekshan framework 39
6.1 Comparison of the results of Swachh Survekshan and Sanitation rating 39
6.2 Comparison of the results of previous editions of Swachh Survekshan 40
7 Methodology for objective 2 43
7.1 Classification of the parameters of Swachh Survekshan 43
7.2 Preparation of the questionnaire 44
7.3 Assessing the impact of Swachh Survekshan framework 46
7.3.1 Site visits and data triangulation 48
8 Selection of the case cities 49
9 City profile 51
9.1 Mehsana 51
9.1.1 Regional Context 51
9.1.2 Geographic Location 51
9.1.3 Demographics 51
Review of Swachh Survekshan framework for assessing cities based on cleanliness
9.1.4 Mehsana Economy 52
9.1.5 Solid Waste Management Profile 52
9.1.6 Wastewater Profile 53
9.2 Navsari 54
9.2.1 Regional Context 54
9.2.2 Geographic location 54
9.2.3 Demographics 54
9.2.4 Navsari Economy 54
9.2.5 Solid Waste Management profile 55
9.2.6 Wastewater management 56
9.3 Bhavnagar 57
9.3.1 Regional Context 57
9.3.2 Geographic Location 57
9.3.3 Demographics 57
9.3.4 Bhavnagar Economy 57
9.3.5 Solid waste management profile 58
9.3.6 Wastewater profile 59
9.4 Surat 59
9.4.1 Regional Context 59
9.4.2 Geographic Location 59
9.4.3 Demographics 60
9.4.4 Surat Economy 60
9.4.5 Solid waste Management Profile 60
9.4.6 Wastewater Profile 60
10 Impact of Swachh Survekshan framework .61
10.1 Challenges associated with the smaller cities towards achieving the
parameters of Swachh Survekshan 66
at the State level 69
12 Conclusion 71
13 References xvii
Appendix 1: Classification of parameters of Swachh Survekshan-17 based on the type of investment required xix
Appendix 2: Parameters of Swachh Survekshan capturing the improvement in services as per SLB indicators xxiii
Appendix 3: Questionnaire for capturing the impact of Swachh Survekshan frameworkon the ULBs xxv
Appendix 4: List of officials met during the primary site visits xix