Contents
Undertaking ii
Certificate iii
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vii
Table of contents ix
List of figures xiii
List of tables x
Abbreviations x
1 About research 1
1.1 Waste management sector in India 1
1.2 Need for the study 3
1.3 Selection of cities 3
1.4 Research aim 4
1.5 Research objectives 4
1.6 Research methodology 5
1.6.1 Objective 1 5
1.6.2 Objective 2 6
1.6.3 Objective 3 9
1.6.4 Objective 4 12
2 Community based waste management – Theories, Policies and Practices 13
2.1 Theories of participation in planning domain 13
2.1.1 Concepts of citizen participation, public participation and community participation 13
2.1.2 Theories of participation 14
2.1.3 Different levels of participation 15
2.1.4 Elite capture and elite control 16
2.2 Policy framework for community based waste management in India 17
2.3 Participatory waste management practices in global and Indian context 18
3 Community based waste management in Mysuru 22
3.1 City profile 22
3.2 Solid waste management profile of the city 22
3.3 Assessment of community based SWM initiative in the city 24
3.3.1 Emergence and evolution of the concept of Resident Welfare Association (RWA) in Mysuru 24
3.3.2 Establishment of Federation of Mysuru City Corporation – Ward Parliament 26
3.3.3 Zero waste management plant – Kumbarakoppal ward 27
3.4 Identification and assessment of roles and responsibility of stakeholders and representing them on participation ladder 28
3.4.1 Identification of stakeholders 28
3.4.2 Roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders 29
3.4.3 Representation of stakeholders on participation ladder 30
3.5 Efforts made to mainstream 31
3.6 Challenges in mainstreaming the initiative 32
3.7 Opportunities 33
4 Participatory waste management in Mumbai 35
4.1 Community based SWM initiatives in Mumbai 35
4.2 Advanced Locality Management 35
4.2.1 Concept of ALM 36
4.2.2 Selection of ALMs for detailed study 36
4.2.3 Case 1 – Mount Mary Kane Road, ALM – 33 and
4.2.4 Case 2 – Worli resident Welfare Association 43
4.2.5 Case 3 – Pali Hill Road Association 46
4.2.6 Case 4 - Diamond Garden Residents Forum 47
4.2.7 What makes the community climb up the ladder – ALM? 47
4.2.8 What decides the success of the ALM? 49
4.3 Slum Adoption Scheme (SAS) 50
4.3.1 Concept of CBO in Mumbai slums 50
4.3.2 Details of the scheme 51
4.3.3 Role of CBOs in increasing the participation of the slum dwellers in community based SWM 52
4.3.4 Drawbacks of Slum Adoption Scheme 56
4.4 Swachh Mumbai Prabodhan Abhiyan (SMPA) 56
4.4.1 Role of CBOs in increasing the participation of the slum dwellers in community level SWM 57
4.4.2 Stree Hasta Mahila Bachatgat – CBO 57
4.4.3 Mansi Mahila Mandal – CBO 58
4.4.4 Drawbacks of SMPA 60
5 Synthesis 63
5.1 Learnings for the researchers 63
5.2 Learnings for policymakers 63
5.3 Learning for the implementers – Urban Local Body 64
References xiii
Appendix 1: List of people met during the site visits xvii