Contents
Undertaking i
Certificate ii
Acknowledgments iii
Abstract iii
1 Introduction 7
1.1 Building Workers 9
1.2 Women in Construction Industry 11
1.3 Need for the Study 11
1.4 Aim & Objective of the Study 12
1.5 Scope & Limitation 13
1.6 Methodology of the study 13
2 Understanding Gender in Construction via Literature 16
2.1 Gender and Migration 16
2.2 Women. Migration & Cities 20
2.3 Plight of women workers in Construction in India 22
3 Legislative Framework for Construction workers 25
3.1 Labour Laws in India 26
3.1.1 Minimum Wages Act, 1948 26
3.1.2 The Contract Labour Act 1970 26
3.1.3 Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 27
3.1.4 The Inter-State Migrant Workers Act 1979 (ISMW Act) 27
3.1.5 The Building and Other Construction Workers’ (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act (BOCW) 1996 27
3.1.6 Building and Other Construction Workers’ Welfare Cess Act 1996, 28
3.1.7 Unorganized Workers Social Security Act, 2008 28
3.2 Special Provision for women in Laws 29
3.2.1 Provisions for Health-care and welfare for women 30
3.2.2 Measures for working hours & wages 31
3.3 Registration process for the workers 33
3.4 CESS Collection process under BOCW 36
4 Construction Industry in Ahmedabad 41
4.1 Methodology for Site selection 41
4.2 Value Chain in Construction Industry 43
4.3 Role of Developer-Contractor with workers 44
5 Findings from the Survey in Ahmedabad 47
5.1 Survey Design 47
5.1.1 Site & No. of workers 47
5.2 Socio-Economic background of workers 49
5.3 Migration Profile of workers 51
5.4 Employment Profile of the worker 52
5.5 Working Hours & Wages 55
5.6 Living Condition of the Workers 56
5.7 Welfare Schemes for Construction workers 59
5.8 Detailed Case Study 63
5.8.1 Sudhaben, 40 63
5.8.2 Rani, 25 64
5.8.3 Prabhaben, 28 65
6 Findings from the Study 67
7 Conclusion 69
7.1 Recommendations 71
8 References 75