Contents
Acknowledgments ii
Abstract iv
1 Introduction 6
1.1 Men in ‘Gender and Development (GAD)’ 8
1.2 Displacements – The Ahmedabad Riverfront Project 9
1.3 Problem Statement 12
1.4 Research Questions 12
1.5 Research Objectives 12
2 Methodology 13
2.1 Site Selection and Description 13
2.2 Data Collection Methods 18
2.3 In- Depth Interviews 18
2.4 Respondent Selection 20
2.5 Data Analysis 21
2.6 Scope of Study 22
2.7 Research Challenges 22
2.8 Limitations of the Study 23
2.9 Ethical Considerations 23
3 Literature Review 24
3.1 Invisibility of Men in Gender and Development (GAD) 24
3.2 Men’s identities and conceptualizing masculinities 25
3.3 Men in the context of displacement and resettlement 28
3.4 Development, Displacement and Resettlement : Theories, Policies and Practices 30
3.5 Gender in Displacement and Resettlement Literature 38
4 Findings and Analysis from Field work 42
4.1 Introduction 42
4.2 Work or Livelihood/Occupation 42
4.2.1 Work before displacement in the previous settlement 43
4.2.2 Finding Work, Going for Work 44
4.2.3 Work after displacement in the current settlement 45
4.2.4 The gendered practices and perceptions around work 47
4.2.5 Concluding Thoughts on Work 49
4.3 Roles and Responsibilities 49
4.3.1 Men as contributors 50
4.3.2 Men as breadwinners/providers 53
4.3.3 Men as protectors/care takers of the family. 56
4.3.4 Woman and Responsibilities 58
4.3.5 Final Thoughts on Men’s Responsibilities 62
4.4 Elderly Men and Their Experiences with Displacement and Resettlement 62
4.4.1 Before Displacement at the Riverfront and elsewhere 63
4.4.2 Resettlement and the present 64
5 Locating and Debating Gender in Displacement and Resettlement Policy 67
5.1 Introduction 67
5.2 Gender policy must be relational 68
5.3 Gender Policy must be intersectional 69
5.4 Gender Policy must be transformative and long term 70
5.5 From Gender Biased/Blind to Gender Aware 71
5.6 Concluding Thoughts 72
6 Discussions and Summary of Findings 73
6.1 Introductions 73
6.2 Summaries 73
6.3 Discussions 77
6.3.1 The unspoken tension: Development solutions vs. Addressing Inequalities 77
6.3.2 The crisis of masculinity and intersectionality in understanding masculinity 78
6.3.3 Policies of transformation and avoiding slipping into marginalization and impoverishment 78
6.3.4 Men in Gender and Development: from Invisible to visible 79
7 Conclusions 80
8 References 83
9 Annexures 86
9.1 Annexure- I : Interviews Guides for Older Men 86
9.2 Annexure – II: Interview Guides for Younger Men 90
9.3 Annexure-III: Interview Guides for Women 93
9.4 Annexure-IV: Tables of Respondents from Shahwadi 95
9.5 Annexure-V: Tables of Respondents from Santhosh nagar 97
9.6 Annexure-VI: Draft Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy for Project Affected Families under Sabarmati Riverfront Development Project 99