CONTENTS
Undertaking iii
Certificate v
Acknowledgements vii
Abstract ix
Table of contents xi
List of figures xvii
List of tables xx
1.Introductison 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Need of the Study: Women’s Safety Issues 2
1.2.1 Why is Women Safety Important in Public Transport? : Introduction to Delhi 2
1.3 Transport in Delhi: 3
1.3.1 Issues of Women Safety in Public Transport in Delhi: 4
1.4 Research Question 6
1.5 Objectives: 6
1.6 Scope and Limitations: 6
2. Literature Review 7
2.1 Women’s Safety in Public Transport: 7
2.2 Women’s Travel Behaviour and their Perception of Safety: 8
2.3 Women’s Safety concerns in Public Transport Journey: 9
2.3.1 Factors which contribute to women feeling safe or unsafe: 10
2.3.2 Women safety in Public Transport: An Economic Rationale 14
2.3.3 Best Practices and Case studies: 15
3. Methodology 17
3.1 Importance Satisfaction Analysis 18
3.1.1 Interpreting The IS Ratings and IS matrix: 18
3.2 Factor Analysis: 19
3.3 Research Methodology 20
3.3.1 User Safety Perception Surveys: 20
4. Data Collection 23
4.1 User Safety Perception Surveys: 23
4.1.1 Implementing the Surveys: 24
4.2 Basic Demographics of the Respondents: 24
4.2.1 Students: 25
4.2.2 Working Women: 26
4.2.3 Non- Working Women: 26
4.3 Focus Group Discussions: 27
4.4 Key Person Interviews/ Discussions: 27
5. Analysis and Findings 29
5.1 Analysis Framework: 29
Research Question: 29
What are the factors that contribute to women’s perception of safety while using Public Transport in Delhi”? 29
5.2 Importance Satisfaction Analysis: 29
5.2.1 Overall safety Perception of Women: 31
5.2.2 User Group wise safety Perception of Women during different parts of the journey: 34
5.2.3 Discussions 34
5.2.4 Based on Frequency of use of Public Transport: 35
5.3 Factor Analysis: 36
5.4 Objective 1) to identify which is the most unsafe part of a woman’s public transport journey. 41
5.5 Objective 2: To assess how safety in Public transport system impacts women’s economic and social opportunities 44
5.5.1 Focus Group Discussions: How safety impacts women’s social and economic mobility. 46
6. Discussions & Recommendations 49
6.1 Summary of Findings 49
6.2 Recommendations 53
7. Future Directions for Research 57
7.1 Future Research Directions: 57
8. References 59
9. Annexures 65
9.1 Survey Questionnaire for Students 65
9.2 Survey Questionnaire for Working Women 72
9.3 Survey Questionnaire for Non- Working Women: 79
9.4 Results of Importance Satisfaction Analysis: 86
9.5 Results of Factor Analysis: 92