CONTENT
Summary 1
1.Introduction 13
Study Origins 14
Study Charge and Approach 14
Study Context 15
Importance of Safety Culture 22
Organization of the Report 23
2. Safety Culture 26
Definition of Safety Culture 26
Why a Strong Safety Culture Is Difficult to Achieve 32
Elements of a Strong Safety Culture 34
Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations 52
Directions for Future Research 52
3.History of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry and the
Development of Safety Efforts 64
1890s to 1940s: Coastline and Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration 64
1950s to 1960s: The Dangers and Challenges of Moving
Farther Offshore 65
1965 to 1990: Improving the Safety of Offshore Operations 69
1990s: Promoting Offshore Safety and Environmental Protection 74
2000s to the Present: Deepwater Discoveries and Explorations
and the Aftermath of a Catastrophic Blowout 77
Summary 83
Findings and Conclusions 84
4.U.S. Offshore Safety Regulation Pertaining to Safety Culture 89
Federal Safety Management and Safety Culture Initiatives 94
Industry Self - Regulation and Third-Party Initiatives 117
International Regulation of Offshore Oil and Gas Operations 122
Approaches for Advancing Safety Culture 129
Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations 131
5.Safety Culture Assessment and Measurement 138
Safety Culture and Its Organizational Context 138
Assessing and Managing Safety Culture 140
Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations 160
6.Implementing Change in Offshore Safety Culture 171
Change Principles 172
Challenges in Changing Offshore Safety Culture 183
Conclusions and Recommendations 194
Appendixes
A Open Session Agendas 200
B Regulators, Trade Associations, and Advisory and Other Groups
with Offshore Safety Oversight 205
Study Committee Biographical Information 214