CONTENTS
PREFACE XI
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XIX
ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF SANSKRIT TITLES XXI
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XXIII
Introduction: An Intellectual History of Rasa 1
CHAPTER ONE
The Foundational Text, c. 300, and Early Theorists, 650-1025 47
1. The Basis of Rasa Theory in Drama 47
Treatise on Drama of Bharata (c. 300) 47
2. Rasa as a Figure of Speech in Narrative Poetry: The Early Views 55
Ornament of Poetry of Bhamaha (c. 650) 55
Looking Glass of Poetry of Dandin (c. 700) with the Commentaries Ratna's Glory 58
of Ratnashrijnana (c. 950) and Guarding the Tradition of Vadijanghala (c. 950)
3. Rasa as a Figure of Speech: The Late View 65
Essential Compendium of the Ornament of Poetry of Udbhata (c. 800) with the Brief 65
Elucidation of Pratiharenduraja (c. 900) and the Exegesis of Tilaka (c. 1100)
4. Rasa as the Character's Emotion, and How We Know It 74
Commentary on the Treatise on Drama, of Bhatta Lol lata (c. 825) 74
Commentary on the Treatise on Drama, of Shri Shankuka (c. 850) 77
5. There Are No Rules for the Number of Rasas 84
Ornament of Poetry of Rudrata (c. 850) with Notes of Namisadhu (1068) 84
6. Rasa Cannot Be Expressed or Implied, Only "Manifested" 87
Light on Implicature of Anandavardhana (c. 875) 87
7. Rasa Cannot Be a Figure of Speech; It Is What Figures of Speech Ornament 98
The Vital Force of Literary Language of Kuntaka (c. 975) 98
8. There Can Be No "Manifestation" of Rasa 106
Analysis of "Manifestation" of Mahima Bhatta (c. 1025) 106
CHAPTER TWO
The Great Synthesis of Bhoja, 1025-1055 110
1. One Rasa Underlies All Multiplicity 110
Necklace for the Goddess of Language of Bhoja (c. 1025) with the Commentary 110
of Bhatta Narasimha (undated)
2. One Rasa Underlies All Multiplicity: The Late Statement 119
Light on Passion of Bhoja (c. 1050) 119
CHAPTER THREE
An Aesthetics Revolution, 900-1000 144
1. From Rasa in the Text to Rasa in the Reader: Core Ideas 144
Commentary on the Treatise on Drama, and Mirror of the Heart of Bhatta 144
Nayaka (c. 900)
2. From Rasa in the Text to Rasa in the Reader: Elaboration 154
The Ten Dramatic Forms of Dhanamjaya (c. 975) and the Observations of 154
Dhanika (c. 975), with The Lamp (on the Ten Forms) of Bahurupa Mishra (undated) and the Brief Annotation (on the Observations) of Bhatta Nrisimha (undated)
CHAPTER FOUR
Abhinavagupta and His School, 1000-1200 181
1. Rasa and the Critique of Imitation 181
Literary Investigations of Bhatta Tota (c. 975) 181
2. The Theory of Rasa Purified 187
The New Dramatic Art, of Abhinavagupta (c. 1000) 187
3. Potential Flaws of Rasa 224
Light on Poetry of Mammata (c. 1050) with the Commentaries of Shridhara 224
(c. 1225), Chanclidasa (c. 1300), Vishvanatha (c. 1350), and Paramananda Chakravartin (c. 1500)
4. The Purified Theory in Abstract 235
Short Explanation of Light on Poetry, and Commentary on Analysis of 235
"Manifestation" of Ruyyaka (1150)
CHAPTER FIVE
Continuing the Controversies Beyond Kashmir, 1200-1400 239
1. Where Is Rasa? Is Rasa Always Pleasurable? 239
Mirror of Drama of Ramachandra and Gunachandra (c. 1200) 239
The Single Strand of Vidyadhara (c. 1300) with the Central Gem of Mallinatha 247
(c. 1400)
Ornament of the Fame, of King Prataparudra of Vidyanatha (c. 1320) with
The Jewel Store of Kumarasvamin (c. 1430) 255
2. A Philosophical Precis of the Rasa Problematic 261
Mirror of Literary Art of Vishvanatha (c. 1350) with The Eye of Anantadasa 261
(c. 1400)
3. Rethinking "Semblance of Rasa" 269
The Moon on the Rasa Ocean of Singabhupala (c. 1385) 269
CHAPTER SIX
Rasa in the Early Modern World, 1200-1650 276
1. A Reader Reading for Rasa 276
Elixir for the Rasika, of Arjunavarmadeva (c. 1215) 276
2. A Poet Writing of Rasa 280
The River of Rasa of Bhanudatta (c. 1500) 280
3. Devotees Experiencing Rasa 285
Pearls of the Bhagavata, of Vopadeva (c. 1300) with the Lamp for 285
Transcendence of Hemadri (c. 1300)
Divine Jewel of Ornamentation of Kavikarnapura (c. 1550) with the 290
Commentary of Lokanatha Chakravartin (c. 1690)
Ambrosial River of the Rasa of Devotion of Rupa Gosvamin (1541) with the Passage 300
Thrdugh the Impassable of Jiva Gosvamin (1541), and Treatise on Divine Love
of Jiva Gosvamin (c. 1550)
4. Vedanticizing Rasa 310
The Nectar Ocean of Literary Art of Vishvanathadeva (1592) 310
The Bearer of the Ganges of Rasa of Jagannatha (c. 1650) 314
ENGLISH-SANSKRIT GLOSSARY 327
NOTES 333
BIBLIOGRAPHY 421
INDEX 431