CONTENTS
PREFACE 6
PART 1 BASICS 14
Introduction to part one
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 15
Overview of chapter one 15
Who is creative? 15
Why are people expressing a need for creativity now? 16
Business and design are changing 6
The landscape of design research 18
Positioning this book on the design research map 21
The design process is changing 22
People's roles in the design process are changing 23
Collective creativity and co-creation 25
How and where is co-creation taking place? 25
Related approaches in co-creative design 28
Where this book is focused 32
CHAPTER 2 THINKING ABOUT CREATIVITY 36
Overview of chapter two 36
What is creativity? 37
A framework for individual creativity 41
Social or collective creativity 58
Moving on 61
CHAPTER 3
HOW IT WORKS: GENERATIVE TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES 64
Overview of chapter three 64
An infinite set of tools and techniques 65
Say, do, and make tools and techniques 66
Ingredients of make toolkits 70
Types of make toolkits 72
Applying the make toolkits 74
Say, do, make and the path of expression 74
PART 2 COMPLETE CASES FROM PRACTICE 96
Introduction to part two
CHAPTER 4 FOUR CASES 97
A student group exercise: the experiences of train commuters 98
A student project: communication needs of elderly people 102
Intermediate consultancy practice: new healthcare services 106
A large international project: family leisure time 112
Rounding off this chapter 125
PART 3 HOW TO 126
Introduction to part three
CHAPTER 5 MAKING THE PLAN 127
Introduction 127
Time and timelines 128
Deliverables 132
Finances 133
Varieties in projects and plans 133
Learning about making the plan 136
CHAPTER 6 GATHERING DATA IN THE FIELD 146
Introduction 147
Starting up 147
Participants 151
Working towards the sessions 159
Conducting the interviews or group sessions 168
CHAPTER 7 ANALYSIS: WHAT TO DO WITH WHAT YOU GOT 197
Introduction 197
The challenges of dealing with qualitative data 198
Capturing: storing, ordering, and labeling 200
The aims of analysis 200
Moving from research toward design 205
Choosing a path 207
CHAPTER 8 COMMUNICATION 234
Introduction 235
What is the purpose of communication? 236
Presentation and participation 236
Three approaches to communication 238
Tools for communicating 242
Relationships between approaches to analysis and communication 243
Final thoughts 244
CHAPTER 9 CONCEPTUALIZATION 255
Introduction 255
Conceptualization is on the other side of the analysis space 256
What is conceptualization for? 256
Playing in the design opportunity space 257
The big picture260
CHAPTER 10 BRIDGING 271
Introduction 271
Where are the gaps? 271
Where and when does bridging happen? 273
Who is bridging the gaps? 274
What are the ways we can bridge the gaps? 275
Transformation and cultural change 276
So what does the generative design research process really look like? 277
EPILOGUE 288
Introduction 288
The starting situation 288
Today 288
The future 289
EXTERNAL CONTRIBUTORS 290
REFERENCES 296
GLOSSARY 299
INDEX 304