Contents
1 Introduction 3
1.1 Background 3
1.2 Literature Review 4
1.2.1 Government policy & Programs 4
1.2.2 Urban Water Supply Status in India 7
1.2.3 Benchmarking 12
1.2.4 Challenges in water supply sector 14
2 Focus of the Research and Methodology 21
2.1 Research Question 21
2.2 Methodology 21
3 Introduction to Study area & Sectoral Overview 27
3.1 Selection of City 27
3.2 City Profile – Ahmedabad 28
3.2.1 City Overview 28
3.2.2 Regional Context 29
3.2.3 Growth Pattern 30
3.2.4 Geography & Climate 31
3.2.5 Demographic Profile 31
3.2.6 Economy 32
3.2.7 City Governance 33
3.2.8 Water Supply Profile 34
3.3 City Profile – Rajkot 38
3.3.1 City Overview 38
3.3.2 Regional Context 39
3.3.3 Growth of the city 39
3.3.4 Climate and Geography 40
3.3.5 Demographic Profile 40
3.3.6 Economy of Rajkot 41
3.3.7 Administrative setup 42
3.3.8 Water Supply Profile 42
3.4 City Profile – Mehsana 46
3.4.1 Regional Context 46
3.4.2 Growth Pattern 47
3.4.3 Climate 48
3.4.4 Demographic Profile 48
3.4.5 Economic Profile 49
3.4.6 City Governance 49
3.4.7 Water Supply Profile 49
3.4.8 Projects and Investments 51
4 Service Level Assessment & Measurement 55
4.1 Service Level Benchmarking in India 56
4.2 Trend assessment of Service Levels in selected cities 60
4.2.1 Coverage of water supply connections 62
4.2.2 Per capita supply of water 66
4.2.3 Extent of metering of water connections 70
4.2.4 Extent of NRW 70
4.2.5 Continuity of water supply 74
4.2.6 Quality of water supplied 77
4.2.7 Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints 79
4.2.8 Cost recovery in water supply services 82
4.2.9 Efficiency in collection of water supply related charges 84
4.3 Data Capturing Mechanism 88
4.3.1 Coverage of water supply connection 88
4.3.2 Per capita supply of water 89
4.3.3 Extent of Metering of water connection 89
4.3.4 Extent of Non-Revenue water 89
4.3.5 Continuity of water supply 89
4.3.6 Quality of water supplied 90
4.3.7 Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints 90
4.3.8 Cost recovery in water supply services 91
4.3.9 Efficiency in collection of water supply related charges 91
4.3.10 Findings 91
5 Challenges in Service Improvement 97
5.1 Technical Challenges 97
5.2 Financial Challenges 99
5.3 Institutional Challenges 100
6 Conclusion and Recommendations 107
7 Bibliography 111
8 Annexure 114
8.1 List of ongoing projects in Ahmedabad 114
8.2 List of ongoing projects in Rajkot 117
8.3 Questionnaire 121