CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES VI
INTRODUCTION VIII
1 SOCIAL HISTORY OF TRAVANCORE AND ITS ARCHITECTURE1
1.1 HISTORY OF TRAVANCORE. 1
1.1.1 HISTORY OF THE TEMPLE 3
1.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY 4
1.2.1 RULERS 4
1.2.2 TRAVANCORE AS A PRINCELY STATE 4
1.3 LAYOUT OF TRAVANCORE 5
1.4 TRADITIONAL KERALA ARCHITECTURE 5
1.5 PLANNING AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES. 5
1.6 ARCHITECTURE STYLE OF THE TRAVANCORE 6
2 ARCHITECTURE OF TRAVANCORE 7
2.1 SPACES WITHIN A PALACE 7
2.1.1 PADIPPURA 8
2.1.2 POOMUKHAM 8
2.1.3 CENTRAL COURTYARD 8
2.1.4 LIVING QUARTERS 9
2.1.5 ENTRANCE HALL 9
2.1.6 OBSERVATORY 9
2.1.7 KALARI 9
2.1.8 KALARI TEMPLE 10
2.1.9 VERANDA 10
2.1.10 HOMAPPURA 10
2.1.11 AYUDHAPPURA 11
2.1.12 NAVRATHRI MANDAPAM 11
2.1.13 OOTTUPPURA 11
2.1.14 THEVARAPPURA 12
3 TIMELINE OF EVOLUTION OF THE PALACES 13
3.1 TIMELINE OF SREE PADAM 13
3.2 TIMELINE OF KUTHIRA MALIKA PALACE 14 V

4 SHIFTS IN IDENTITY AND IDEOLOGY17
4.1 FRAMEWORK OF ANALYSIS17
4.1.1 PLANS 17
4.1.2 STRUCTURE 30
4.1.3 DETAILS AND DECORATIONS 35
4.1.4 IDEOLOGY 41
4.2 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT IN ART AND ARCHITECTURE IN INDIA 45
4.3 EVOLUTION OF THE PALACES IN TRAVANCORE 46
4.3.1 BUILDING MATERIALS 47
4.3.2 REGIONAL INFLUENCES ON DECORATION 48
4.3.3 BRITISH INFLUENCE IN TRAVANCORE 49
5 FACTORS THAT TRANSFORMED THE ARCHITECTURE OF TRAVANCORE 50
5.1 MAIN FACTORS THAT LED TO THE TRANSFORMATION 50
5.2 A PROTOTYPE THAT WAS FOLLOWED 51
5.2.1 LINEAR PLANNING 52
5.2.2 MALIKA 52
5.2.3 VERANDA 52
5.2.4 TIMBER ROOF OVER LATERITE STRUCTURES 52
5.2.5 GABLES 53
6 APPENDIXES 54
7 GLOSSARIES 60
8 BIBLIOGRAPHIES 61