International Federation or Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Acknowledgements 2 Introduction 6 Section One Focus on reducing risk Chapter 1 Risk reduction: challenges and opportunities8 Box 1.1 Cyclone preparedness saves millions in Banglades16 Box 1.2A ccnturics-old drought mitigation strategy20 Box 1.3 Community-based disaster preparedness in Nepal26 Box 1.4A livelihoods context for disaster management32 Box 1.5 Insuring micro-finance institutions against disaster35 Figure 1.1 Thirty years ot natural disasters 10 Figure 1.2The lens of risk reduction 19 Chapter 2 Disaster preparedness - a priority for Latin America40 Box 2.1 Traditional homes prove safer49 Box 2.2 Community-operated early warning in Guatemal52 Box 2.3 Risk mapping and relocation get political54 Map Earthquakes and hurricanes in Central and north-western South America42 Chapter 3 Preparedness pays off in Mozambique60 Box 3.1 Media coverage - a double-edged sword64 Box 3.2 Do people heed warnings? 66 Box 3-3 Community-based disaster preparedness 73 Box 3.4 New homes and livelihoods reduce disaster risk75 Figure 3Rescue operations in Mo/amhique in 2000 and 200171 Map Mozambique63 Chapter 4 Pacific islands foretell future of climate change82 Box 4.1 Relocation - the last resort 84 Box 4.2 Treading water: climate change and sea-level rise 88 Box 4.3 Cyclone strafes Mamhiki atoll 92 Box 4.4 Mangrove planting saves lives and money in Viet Nam 95 Box 4.5 Fossil fuel subsidies outstrip adaptation funds98 Box 4.6 Socially responsible economies key to disaster reduction 100 Figure 4.1 Oceania: hydro -meteorological disasters from 1970 to 1999 87 Chapter 5 Reducing earthquake risk in urban Europe106 Box 5. 1 Grandpa Earthquake dispels fear of disaster 110 Box 5.2 Iceland - model ot efficient disaster preparedness 113 Box 5.3 First aid: humanity in action 116 Box 5.4 Countering the risks of a Kathmandu quake 120 Map South-eastern Europe108 Section Two Tracking the system Chapter 6 Assessing vulnerabilities and capacities - during peace and war 128 Box 6.1 Make people aware ol the power they have 132 Box 6.2 Experiences ol VGA from Scandinavia lo Africa 136 Box 6.3 Self-reliance in the south-west Pacific 140 Box 6.4 Key principles for a successful VGA 143 Box 6.5 Hospital ot hope for victims of intifada 146 Figure 6.1 Vulnerable populations in Palestine 138 Map Israel and Occupied and Autonomous Territories of Palestine 131 Chapter 7 Accountability: a question of rights and duties 148 Box 7.1 Rights-based programming in Sierra Leone 151 Box 7.2 Concerns and complaints 153 Box 7-3 Right to information 155 Box 7.4 Popular involvement becomes political in Nicaragua 156 Box 7.5 Right to registration 159 Box 7-6 Right to appropriate assistance with dignity 161 Box 7.7 Recommendations for the accountable organization 162 Chapter 8 Disaster data: key trends and statistics 170 Box 8.1 KM-DAT: a specialised disaster database 174 Box 8.2 US Committee for Refugees 178 Box 8.3 GLobal IDEntifier (GLIDE) number 180 Erratum World Disasters Report 2001 184 figure 8.1 Reported deaths from all disasters 1992-2001 172 Figure 8.2 Reported numbers of people affected by all disasters 1992-2001 172 Figure 8.3 Kstimated damage by all disasters 1992-2001 173 Figure 8.4 ODA net disbursements in 2000 176 Figure 8.5 ODA as a percentage of DAG donors' GNP, 2000 176 Figure 8.6 Emergency/distress relief by DAG donors in 2000 177 Table 1 Total number of reported disasters, by continent and by year (1992 to 2001) 185 Table 2 Total number of people reported killed by disasters, by continent and by year (1992 to 2001) 186 Table 3 Total number of people reported affected by disasters, by comment andby year (1992 to 2001) in thousands 187 Table 4 Total amount of disaster estimated damage, by continent and by year (1992 to 2001) in millions of US dollars (2001 prices) 188 Table 5 Total number of reported disasters, by type of phenomenon and by year (1992 to 2001) 189 Table 6 Total number of people reported killed by disasters, by type of phenomenon and by year (1992 to 2001) 190 Table 7 Total number of people reported affected by disasters, by type of phenomenon and by year (1992 to 2001) in thousands191 Table 8 Total amount of disaster estimated damage, by type of phenomenon and by year (1992 to 2001) in millions of US dollars (2001 prices) 192 Table 9 Total number of reported disasters, by continent and by type of phenomenon (1992 to 2001) 193 Table 10 Total number of people reported killed by disasters, by continent and by type of phenomenon (1992 to 2001) 194 Table 11 Total number of people reported affected by disasters, by continent and by type of phenomenon (1 992 to 2001) in thousands 195 Table 12 local amount of disaster estimated damage, by continent and by type of phenomenon (1992 to 2001) in millions of US dollars (2001 prices) 196 Table 13 Total number of people reported killed and affected by disasters, by country (1982-1991; 1992-2001; and 2001) 197 Table 14 Refugees and asylum seekers by country/territory of origin (1995 to 2001) 204 Table 15 Refugees and asylum seekers by host country/territory (1995 to 2001) 206 Table 16 Significant populations oi internally displaced people (1995 10 2001) 210 Chapter 9 International Federation overview 212 Box 9.1 IDRL development continues 214 Chapter 10 The Movement: a worldwide presence 216 Chapter 11 A global network 230 Index 236 Fundamental Principles