Part I - WATER POWER DEVELOPMENT 1. ENERGY 1-9 1.1 Introduction, 1.2 Sources of energy, 1.3 Classification of energy, 1.4 Thermal power, 1.5 Nuclear power, 1.6 Tidal power, 1.7 Wind power, 1.8 Solar power, 1.9 Gas turbine generation, 1.10 Geothermal power, 1.11 Biogas, 1.12 Energy, Conservation, Questions. 2. ENVIRONMENT AND WATER POWER DEVELOPMENT 10-17 2.1 Introduction, 2.2 Concern about environment, 2.3 Environmental planning and management, 2.4 Environment and hydropower development, Conventional Environmental Concerns and New Environmental Concerns, 2.5 Small hydropower schemes, Questions. 3. PLANNING FOR WATER POWER DEVELOPMENT 18-46 3.1 Introduction, 3.2 Objectives of planning, 3.3 Planning for water power development, 3.4 Investigations and studies for water power development, 3.5 Institutional framework, 3.6 Definitions, 3.7 Estimation of available water power, 3.8 Power duration, curve, 3.9 Storage and pondage, 3.10 Load studies, 3.11 Load duration curve, 3.12 Variations in load factor, 3.13 Power system load, 3.14 System integrated operational studies, 3.15 Load prediction, 3.16 Market requirements of power, 3.17 Installed capacity, 3.18 Benefits evaluation of installed capacities, 3.19 Size and number of units, Questions. 4. WATER POWER DEVELOPMENT 47-70 4.1 Introduction, 4.2 History of hydropower development, 4.3 Advantages of hydropower, 4.4 Hydro Vs Thermal power, 4.5 Hydropower potential and its development, 4.6 Projected installed capacity, 4.7 Hydro thermal mix, 4.8 Constraints in hydropower development, 4.9 Accelerated hydropower development, 4.10 Classification of hydropower development, 4.11 Water requirement for power development, 4.12 Economics of hydropower development, 4.13 Economic value of hydropower, 4.14 Cost of water power, 4.15 Total annual cost of a hydro project, 4.16 Operation and maintenance of hydro plants, Questions. 5. STORAGE POWER DEVELOPMENT 71-74 5.1 Introduction, 5.2 Components of storage power development, 5.3 Economic Aspects, Questions. 6. RUN-OF-RIVER POWER DEVELOPMENT 75-95 6.1 Introduction, 6.2 Types of Plants, 6.3 Components of run-of-river power development, 6.4 Run-of-river development on canal falls, Solved examples, Questions. 7. PUMPED STORAGE POWER DEVELOPMENT 96-109 7.1 Introduction, 7.2 Essential requirements of PSPP, 7.3 Necessity for pumped storage power development, 7.4 Advantages of PSP Development, 7.5 History of PSP development, 7.6 Power potiential of PSP Development, 7.7 Classification of PSP development, 7.8 Development plan for PSP development, 7.9 Components of PSP development, 7.10 Layout of PSP development, 7.11 PSP Plants and power system, 7.12 Economics of PSPP, 7.13 Cost of power generated, Questions. 8. SMALL HYDRO POWER DEVELOPMENT 110-119 8.1 Introduction, 8.2 Advantages of small hydropower, 8.3 Classification of small hydropower, 8.4 Small hydropower potential, 8.5 Components of small hydropower development, 8.6 Formulation of development schemes, 8.7 Choice of units, 8.8 Classification of turbines, 8.9 Selection of turbines, 8.10 Economics of small hydropower, Solved example, Questions. 9. HYDRO POWER PLANTS 120-146 9.1 Introduction, 9.2 Power plant structure, 9.3 Layout of hydropower plants, 9.4 Types of power houses, 9.5 Underground power houses, 9.6 Types of underground power plants, 9.7 Alignment and layout of cavities, 9.8 Investigations and studies, 9.9 Safety requirements, 9.10 Sizing of a power house, 9.11 Joints in hydropower plants, Questions. 10. HYDRAULIC TURBINES 147-184 10.1 Introduction, 10.2 Classification of turbines, 10.3 Types of turbines, 10.4 Impulse Vs Reaction turbines, 10.5 Francis turbine, 10.6 Kaplan turbines, 10.7 Propeller turbines, 10.8 Deriaz turbine, 10.9 Selection of type of turbines, 10.10 Choice Between Francis and Kaplan turbines, 10.11 Parameters of turbines, 10.12 Turbine casing, 10.13 Types of casing, 10.14 Classification of spiral casings, 10.15 Draft tubes, 10.16 Governing of turbines, 10.17 Pressure regulator, 10.18 Generators, 10.19 Characteristic curves for turbines, 10.20 Model testing of turbines, Solved examples, Questions. 11. HYDRAULIC VALVES AND GATES 185-195 11.1 Introduction, 11.2 Hydraulic valves, 11.3 Types of hydraulic valves, 11.4 Gates, 11.5 Spillway gates, 11.6 Gate installation in penstocks, Questions. 12. WATER CONDUCTOR SYSTEM 196-204 12.1 Introduction, 12.2 Alignment, 12.3 Intakes, 12.4 Location of intakes, 12.5 Types of intakes, 12.6 Trashracks, Questions. 13. PENSTOCKS AND PRESSURE SHAFTS 205-226 13.1 Introduction, 13.2 Classification of penstocks, 13.3 Layout of penstocks, 13.4 Hydraulic design of penstocks, Solved examples, 13.5 Economic diameter of penstocks, 13.6 Branches and wyes, 13.7 Bends, 13.8 Anchor blocks, Solved examples, Questions. 14. HYDRAULIC TRANSIENTS AND SURGE TANKS 227-247 14.1 Introduction, 14.2 Hydraulic transient, 14.3 Control of hydraulic transients, 14.4 Water hammer, 14.5 Water hammer theory, 14.6 Surges in power tunnels and penstock, 14.7 Surge in open channel, 14.8 Surge tank, 14.9 Necessity of surge tank, 14.10 Location of surge tank, 14.11 Types of surge tanks, 14.12 Design of surge tank, 14.13 Tailrace surge tanks, Solved examples, Questions. TRANSMISSION LINES 248-254 15.1 Introduction, 15.2 Functions of transmission lines, 15.3 Types of transmission lines, 15.4 Component parts of transmission lines, 15.5 Design of overhead transmission lines, Questions. HYDRAULIC TUNNELS 255-271 16.1 Introduction, 16.2 Necessity for tunnels, 16.3 Classification of tunnels, 16.4 Investigations and surveys, 16.5 Tunnel alignment, 16.6 Tunnel Cross section, 16.7 Economic diameter of tunnels, 16.8 Hydraulic design, 16.9 Tunnel excavation, 16.10 Loads and reactions, 16.11 Tunnel lining, 16.12 Tunnel grouting, 16.13 Surges in tunnels, 16.14 Air Locking, 16.15 Instrumentation, Questions. Part II - DAMS ENGINEERING 7. RESERVOIRS AND DAMS 275-293 17.1 Introduction, 17.2 Storage zones of a reservoir, 17.3 Storage Capacity Determination, 17.4 Trap efficiency, 17.5 Reservoir sedimentation, 17.6 Life of a reservoir, 17.7 Reservoir evaporation losses, 17.8 Watershed management, 17.9 Dams, 17.10 Selection of type of dam, 17.11 Apportionment of cost of a multipurpose reservoir project, Solved example, Questions. 18. EARTH AND ROCKFILL DAMS 294-309 18.1 Introduction, 18.2 Types of earthen dams, 18.3 Design criteria for earth dams, 18.4 Dam section, 18.5 Slope protector of dam, 18.6 Phreatic line in earth dam, 18.7 Flow net, 18.8 Seepage in earth dams, 18.9 Rockfill dams, 18.10 Classification of rockfill dams, 18.11 Design parameters, 18.12 Dam section, 18.13 Advantages and disadvantages of rockfill dams, Solved examples, Questions. 19. GRAVITY DAMS 310-325 19.1 Introduction, 19.2 Selection of dam site, 19.3 Forces acting on a gravity dam, 19.4 Combination of forces for design, 19.5 Modes of failure-safety criteria, 19.6 Principal and shear stresses, 19.7 Elementary profile of a gravity dam, 19.8 Low and high gravity dams, Solved examples, Questions. 20. ARCH AND BUTTRESS DAMS 326-338 20.1 Arch dam, 20.2 Types of arch dams, 20.3 Forces acting on an arch dam, 20.4 Design of arch dam, 20.5 Buttress dams, 20.6 Types of buttress dam, 20.7 Selection of types of buttress dam, 20.8 Forces acting on a buttress, Questions. Part III - HYDROLOGY 21. PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS 341-356 21.1 Hydrology, 21.2 Hydrology and water power development, 21.3 Precipitation, 21.4 Rainfall, 21.5 Rainfall measurement, 21.6 Optimum number of raingauges stations, measurement, 21.7 Types of raingauges, 21.8 Estimation of missing rainfall record, 21.9 Average rainfall over a basin, 21.10 Mean annual rainfall, 21.11 Adjustment of rainfall record, 21.12 Rainfall frequency analysis, 21.13 Intensity-duration-frequency analysis, Solved Pvamnle.S. Questions. 22. RUNOFF AND FLOOD ESTIMATION 357-381 22.1 Runoff and factors effecting it, 22.2 Estimation of runoff, 22.3 Flow- j duration curve, 22.4 Flood estimation, 22.5 Hydrograph, 22.6 Unit hydrograph j methods, 22.7 Stream gauging, 22.8 Selection of gauge and discharge sites, j 22.9 Segmentation, 22.10 Discharge measurement, 22.11 Discharge computation, 22.12 Gauge-discharge curve, Solved examples, Questions. . Part IV - FLUID POWER ENGINEERING 23. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS 385-411 23.1 Introduction, 23.2 Classification of pumps, 23.3 Types of pumps, 23.4 Selection of pumps, 23.5 Centrifugal pumps, 23.6 Vertical turbine pumps, o 23.7 Submersiable pumps, 23.8 miscellaneous types of pumps, I 23.9 Component parts of centrifugal pump, 23.10 Priming and Working of a centrifugal pump, 23.1 1 Work done by a centrifugal pump, 23.12 Head,efficiency, power and speed of centrifugal pumps, 23.13 Characteristics of j centrifugal pumps, 23.14 Single and multi-stage pumps, 23.15 Pumps : arrangement, 23.16 Model testing, 23.17 Cavitation, Solved examples, Questions. 24. RECIPROCATING PUMPS 412-430 24.1 Reciprocating pumps, 24.2 Comparison of centrifugal and reciprocating pumps, 24.3 Classification of reciprocating pumps, 24.4 Working of centrifugal pumps, 24.5 Indicator Diagram, 24.6 Air vessels, 24.7 Rotary I pumps, Solved examples, Questions. 25. MISCELLANEOUS HYDRAULIC MACHINES 431-439 25.1 Introduction, 25.2 Hydraulic accumulator, 25.3 Hydraulic intensifier, 25.4 Hydraulic crane, 25.5 Hydraulic Ram, 25.6 Hydraulic lift, 25.7 Hydraulic press, Solved examples, Questions. APPENDICES 440-476 Appendix-I- Determination of Number and Type of Units. Appendix-II - Accelerated hydro power development - a case study by E.R.K. Sharma Appendix-III - Design of Surge Shaft Appendix-IV - Objective Type Questions. BIBLIOGRAPHY477-480