CONTENTS
Preface xi
Part I Elements of Civil Engineering
1 Introduction to Civil Engineering 3-11
1.1 Introduction 3
1.1.1 Surveying 4
1.1.2 Building Materials 4
1.1.3 Construction Technology 4
1.1.4 Geotechnical Engineering 4
1.1.5 Structural Engineering 5
1.1.6 Hydraulics 5
1.1.7 Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering 5
1.1.8 Transportation Engineering 5
1.1.9 Environmental Engineering 5
1.1.10 Towji Planning and Architecture 6
1.1.11 Management Techniques 6
1.1.12 Computer Applications . 6
1.2 Infrastructure 6
1.2.1 Types of Infrastructure 7
1.2.2 Role of Civil Engineers in Infrastructure Development 8
1.2.3 Effect of Infrastructure Facilities on Socio-economic
Development of a Country 9
Review Questions 10
Multiple Choice Questions 10
2 Roads 12-22
2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Types of Roads 12
2.2.1 National Highways 13
2.2.2 State Highways 14
2.2.3 Major District Roads 14
2.2.4 Other District Roads 14
2.2.5 Village Roads 14
2.2.6 Expressways 14
2.2.7 Urban Roads 15
2.3 Components of Roads and Their Functions 15
2.3.1 Pavement or Carriageways 16
2.3.2 Shoulders 18
2.3.3 Traffic Separators 18
2.3.4 Kerbs 18
2.3.5 Footpaths 19
2.3.6 Parking Lanes 19
2.3.7 Cycle Tracks 19
2.3.8 Guard Rails 20
2.3.9 Fencing 20
Review Questions 20
Multiple Choice Questions 20
3 Bridges and Dams 23-38
3.1 Bridges 23
3.2 Classification of Bridges 23
3.3 Types of Bridges 24
3.3.1 Footbridge 24
3.3.2 Beam Bridge 24
3.3.3 Arch Bridge 24
3.3.4 Suspension Bridge 26
3.3.5 Cable-stayed Bridge 26
3.3.6 Cantilever Bridge 27
3.3.7 Truss Bridges 28
3.3.8 Double Decked Bridges 29
3.3.9 Other Types 29
3.4 Dams 30
3.5 Classification of Dams 30
3.5.1 Storage Dams 31
3.5.2 Diversion Dams 31
3.5.3 Detention Dams 31
3.5.4 Gravity Dams 31
3.5.5 Earth Dams 32
3.5.6 Rockfill Dams 33
3.5.7 Arch Dams 33
3.5.8 Buttress Dams 34
3.5.9 Overflow Dams 35
3.5.10 Non-overflow Dams 35
3.5.11 Rigid Dams 35
3.5.12 Non-rigid Dams 35
3.5.13 Coffer Dams 36
Review Questions 36
Multiple Choice Questions 37
Part II Engineering Mechanics
4 Engineering Mechanics 41-71
4.1 Introduction 41
4.2 Basic Idealizations 42
4.2.1 Particle 42
4.2.2 Continuum 42
4.2.3 Rigid Body 42
4.2.4 Point Force 43
4.3 Force 43
4.3.1 Classification of Force 45
4.3.2 Classification of Force System 46
4.4 Principle of Physical Independence of Forces 49
4.5 Principle of Superposition of Forces 49
4.6 Principle of Transmissibility of Forces 49
4.7 Newton's Laws of Motion 49
4.7.1 First Law 50
4.7.2 Second.Law 50
4.7.3 Third Law 50
4.8 Moment of a Force about a Point 50
4.9 Couple 51
4.9.1 Characteristics of a Couple 52
4.10 Equivalent Force-Couple System 52
4.11 Resolution of a Force into Components 53
4.11.1 Resolution of a Force into Rectangular Components 53
4.11.2 Resolution of Force into Inclined Components 54
4.12 Resolution of Forces (Numerical Examples) 57
4.13 Moment of Forces (Numerical Problems) 65
Review Questions 67
Problems 68
Multiple Choice Questions 69
5 Composition of Coplanar Concurrent Force System 72-92
5.1 Composition of Forces 72
5.2 Resultant Force 73
5.3 Principle of Resolved Parts of Forces 73
5.4 Composition of Coplanar Concurrent Force Systems (Numerical Examples) 75
Review Questions 88
Problems 88
Multiple Choice Questions 91
6 Composition of Coplanar Non-concurrent Force System 93-124
6.1 Varignon's Principle of Moments 93
6.2 Uses of Varignon's Principle 94
6.3 Moment of Force Using Varignon 's Theorem (Numerical Examples) 94
6.4 Composition of Coplanar Non-concurrent Force Systems (Numerical Examples) 97
Review Questions 116
Problems 116
Multiple Choice Questions 123
7 Centroid of Plane Figures 125-169
7.1 Introduction 125
7.2 Determination of Centroids by Integration 128
7.2.1 Centroid of a Triangle 128
7.2.2 Centroid of Quadrant of a Circle 129
7.2.3 Centroid of a Semicircle 130
7.2.4 Centroid of a Circle Sector 131
7.3 Centroid of Built-up Section 132
7.4 Unsymmetrical Plane Figures (Numerical Examples) 133
7.5 Plane Figures Symmetrical about One Axis (Numerical Examples) 146
7.6 Special Cases (Numerical Examples) 151
Review Questions 154
Problems 155
Multiple Choice Questions 168
8 Equilibrium of Forces 170-215
8.1 Introduction 170
8.2 Conditions of Static Equilibrium 171
8.2.1 Coplanar Concurrent Force System 171
8.2.2 Coplanar Non-concurrent Force System 171
8.3 Lami's Theorem 171
8.3.1 Limitations of Lami's Theorem 173
8.4 Equilibrium of Forces (Numerical Examples) 173
8.5 Equilibrium of Circular Bodies (Numerical Examples) 175
8.6 Equilibrium of Cable Systems (Numerical Examples) 185
8.7 General Systems (Numerical Examples) 196
Review Questions. 205
Problem 205
Multiple Choice Questions 214
9 Equilibrium of Coplanar Non-concurrent Force System 216-316
9.1Types of Supports and Reactions Exerted by Supports 216
9.2 Beams 217
9.2.1 Statically Determinate Beams 217
9.2.2 Statically Indeterminate Beams 218
9.2.3 Partially Restrained Beams 218
9.3 Support Reactions (Numerical Examples) 219
9.3.1 Other Cases 237
9.4 Trusses 250
9.5 Classification of Trusses 251
9.6 Assumptions Made in the Analysis of Trusses 254
9.6.1 Analysis of Truss 254
9.7 Method of Joints (Numerical Examples) 256
9.8 Method of Sections (Numerical Examples) 279
Review Questions 295
ProWeffts 295
Multiple Choice Questions 314
10 Friction 317-376
10.1 Introduction 317
10.2 Laws of Dry*Friction 318
10.3 Limiting Friction 320
10.4 Non-limiting Friction 320
10.5 Kinetic Friction 320
10.6 Coefficient of Friction 320
10.7 Angle of Friction 321
10.8 Angle of Repose 322
10.9 Cone of Friction 322
10.10 Impending Motion on Horizontal Plane 23
10.11 Impending Motion on Inclined Plane 324
10.12 Single Rigid Body (Numerical Examples) 327
10.13 Connected Bodies (Numerical Examples) 336
11.Moment of Interia of an Area 377-421
Model Question Papers (I and II) 423-436
Index 437-440